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What is history and why do we care? History? • Merriam Webster dictionary defines history as a tail or a story. • History is understanding our past and where we came from. • "The study of history is the best medicine for a sick mind; for in history you have a record of the infinite variety of human experience plainly set out for all to see; and in that record you can find yourself and your country both examples and warnings; fine things to take as models” Livy How do we know about the Past? • Oral history- what people tell us through spoken word. • Graphics- drawings or pictures that we learn from. (example: a church window) • Literature- Books, poems, and other text that tell a story. (example: Homers writings) • Epics- specific type of literature that usually tells a story of heroes and villains. Many early recordings are epics. (example: the epic of Gilgamesh) Primary and Secondary Sources • When studying history the literature or oral records we have are called Sources. • There are two different types of sources: • Primary Sources- meaning literature that was written by someone who experienced or witnessed the event in question. Examples are Diaries, letters, journals, autobiographies, Secondary Sources • Secondary Sources- The function of these is to interpret primary sources. • Secondary sources are written by a person who did not experience the situation describe. • Generally Secondary Sources are written at a later date then the primary sources they build own. How do we trust what is written? • Authors often write with a Bias toward one group or another. • Bias- an inclination toward one side, group, people, nation… • People lie right? • Historians are entrusted with the job of assuring the accuracy of history. At what part of history does this class start? • World history starts at prehistory or the time before recorded history. • Recorded history means stories or events that were written down using written language. • Written language invented about 5000 years ago. Key Concepts of History • • • • The concept of The concept of The concept of The concept of Time Continuity Cause and effect perspective Time • Time-a moment, hour, day, or year as indicated by a clock or calendar. • Time is continuous and cannot stop. • In World History we often measure time on a continuum or a timeline. Continuity • Continuity is a word that describes the continuousness of time. • Hours, minutes, seconds, days, years go by never to return. • Those moments are in a since gone forever You can compare the continuity of time to a waterfall. Cause and Effect • Cause and Effect are the two major questions asked by historians. • Cause- What brought about the event? Why did this happen? • Effect- What did the event bring about. Perspectives • When people observe an event they see it through there own perspective. • Example: United States and Al-Qaida have two very different perspectives regarding 9/11. • Why would a historian need to be aware of different perspectives when reading a primary source? Why Study History? Some Concepts Never change. Why not learn from them? • CONFLICT- Why cant we get along? •RESOURCES- How to they motivate us? •GOVERNMENT- What has worked best in the past? •ORDER/DISORDER/REVOLTS/ REVOLUTION/ and the list goes on… History teaches: • • • • • • • Where we came from Who we are as a society What works well. What we shouldn’t do. Patriotism and pride in our nation. Past injustice. How to analyze information and solve problems. Does History repeat itself ? Famous History Quotes • We are not makers of history. We are made by history.- Martin Luther King Jr. • History, despite its wrenching pain, cannot be unlived, but if faced with courage, need not be lived again. -Maya Angelou • The farther you look back in history, the farther you can see ahead- Henry Ford