Download The Nervous System

The Nervous System
By: Fazila Hussain
Endi Sabanagic
Amanda Martensen
Parts of the Brain
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Brain stem- It connects the
spinal cord to the forebrain
and cerebrum.
Thalamus- It relays sensory
impulses to the cerebral
cortex.
Spinal Cord- it extends from
the medulla oblongata through
the spinal column and from
which the spinal nerves
branch off to various parts of
the body.
Limbic System- in the brain it
is involved in emotional
behavior
Cerebellum- It is responsible
for the regulation and
coordination of complex
voluntary muscular movement
as well as the maintenance of
posture and balance.
Midbrain- It develops from the
middle section of the
embryonic brain
Medulla- It forms a medullary
sheath around the axis
cylinder of some nerve fibers.
Parts of the Nervous System
• Brain
• Spinal cord
• Somatic
Division
• Automatic
Division
Synapse
• At a synapse, a slender terminal fiber from
a neutron reaches out to make contact
with another cell. If a nerve impulse
flashes along the fiber, it makes the
synapse release a chemical called a
neurotransmitter. In less than onethousandth of a second, this travels across
a tiny gap between the two cells and
triggers the second cell to respond.
Reflex
• Reflexes are triggered by simple nervous
pathways. A stimulus such as pain, is
picked up by a sensory nerve and then
flashed to the spinal cord, or to the lower
part of the brain. A motor signal travels
back, making part of the body respond.
One Problem/diseases of the
Nervous System
• Disease- intestinal disorders and headaches it
happens when the nervous system is unwittngly
trained to respond incorrectly to stress.
• Treatment-Train people with certain disorder to
get well. The mennger foundation, for example
it’s still used to help migraine patients, but such
programs remain the exception.
• Prevention- Don’t take to much stress so that
you get headaches.
One drug and its effect on the
Nervous System
• Cocaine it can cause a severe
damage to the nervous system. It can
also cause reduced fatigue, increased
mental clarity, and a rush of energy.
Brain
The portion of the vertebrate
central nervous system that is
enclosed within the cranium,
continues with the spinal cord and
composed of gray and white
matter. The primary center for the
regulation and controls of body
activities, receiving and
transmitting information to the
muscles and body organs. The
seat of consciousness through the
memory, and emotion.
Spinal cord
• The thick whitish cord of nerve tissue that
extends from the medulla oblongata doen
through the spinal column and from which
the spinal nerves branch off.
Cerebellum
• The trilobite structure of the brain, lying
posterior of the pans and medulla
oblongata and inferior to the occipital
lobes of the cerebral hemisphere, that is
responsible for the regulation and
coordination of complex voluntary
muscular movement as well as the
maintains of posture and balance.
Cerebrum
• The large round structure of the brain
occupying most of the cranial cavity,
divided into two cerebral hemisphere that
are joined at the bottom by the corps
callosum. Controls and integrates motor,
sensory, and higher mental functions, such
as though, reasons, emotion and memory.
Medulla Oblongata
• The lower most portion of the vertebra
brain, continues with the spinal cord,
responsible for the control of respiration,
circulation, and certain other bodily
functions.
Hypothalamus
• The part of the brain that lies below the
thalamus. Forming the major portion of the
ventral region of the diencephalons and
functioning to regulate bodily temperature,
certain metabolic process, and other
autonomic activities.
Thalamus
• A large ovoid of gray matter situated is the
posterior part of the forebrain that relays
sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.
White matter
• Whitish nerves tissue, especially of the
brain and spinal cord, consisting of
myelinated nerve fibers.
Gray matter
• Brownish-gray nerve tissue, especially of
the brain and spinal cord , composed of
nerve cell bodies and their dent rites and
some supportive tissues.
Central Nervous System
• The portion of the vertebrate nervous
system consisting of the brain and
spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System
• The part of the vertebrate nervous system
consisting the nerves outside the central
nervous system and including the cranial
nerves, spinal nerves, and sympathetic
and parasympathetic nervous system.
Somatic Nervous System
• Part of the Peripheral Nervous System
associated with the voluntary control of
body movements through action of the
skeletal muscles. Responsible for muscle
contraction.
Autonomic Nervous System
• The part of the vertebrate nervous system
that regulates involuntary action, as of the
intestines, heart, and glands, and that is
divided into the sympathetic nervous
system and the parasympathetic nervous
system.
Neuron
• Any of the impulse-conducting cells that
constitute the brain, spinal column, and
nerves, consisting of a nucleated cell body
with one or more dendrites and a single
axon. Also called nerve cell.
Sensory Neuron
• A neuron conducting impulses inwards to
the brain or spinal cord.
Motor Neuron
• A neuron that conveys impulses from the
central nervous system to a muscle gland,
or the other effect or tissue.
Interneuron
• A nerve cell found entirely within the
central nervous system that acts as a link
between sensory neurons and motor
neurons.
Hypothalamus
• The part of the brain that lies below the
thalamus, forming the major portion of the
ventral region of the diencephalon and
functioning to regulate bodily temperature,
certain metabolic processes, and other
autonomic activities.
Axon
• Also called a nerve fiber, this is the long
tail of a neuron that carriers nerve
impulses away from it’s cell bodys.
Dendrite
• Short filament that carriers nerve
impulses to the cell body of a
neuron.
Nerve Impulse
• Tiny electrical signal that passes
along a neuron (nerve cell) at
high speed.
Nerve
• Cabelike bundle of neurons (nerve
cell) that relays nerve impulses
between the body and central nerve
system.
Receptor
• Special cells or neurons that
detect stimuli such as light and
trigger sensory neurons.
Synapse
• Junction between two neurons in
which they do not touch but come
very close to each other.