Download 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

3.02 Understand the functions
and disorders of the nervous
system
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
1
3.02 Essential Questions
What are the functions of the nervous
system?
 What are some disorders of the nervous
system?
 How are nervous system disorders treated?
 How does the nervous system relate to the
body’s communication systems?

3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Functions of the nervous system:
Neurons
What do they do?
How do these functions impact health?
 Sensory
 Motor
 Associative
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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–
–
–
Sensory Neurons/Nerves(afferent) sensation (skin)
carry messages to the brain
Motor Neurons/Nerves- (efferent) carry messages from the brain
and spinal cord to the muscles and glands.
Associative Neurons/ Nerves- carry impulses from sensory
neurons to motor neurons.
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Functions of the central nervous
system:
Brain
Think abouT iT…
How do you use your brain?
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Functions of the central nervous
system:
Brain
How do you use your Cerebrum?

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Temporal lobe
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Functions of the central nervous
system:
Brain
How do you use your limbic system?

What is the limbic system? Is this a new term for you?
 What structures are involved?
 What are the functions of the limbic system?
 How does this effect you?
 Can you control it?
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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
The limbic system is a set of evolutionarily primitive brain structures located on top of the brainstem and buried
under the cortex. Limbic system structures are involved in many of our emotions and motivations, particularly
those that are related to survival. Such emotions include fear, anger, and emotions related to sexual behavior. The
limbic system is also involved in feelings of pleasure that are related to our survival, such as those experienced
from eating and sex.
Certain structures of the limbic system are involved in memory as well. Two large limbic system structures, the
amygdala and hippocampus play important roles in memory. The amygdala is responsible for determining what
memories are stored and where the memories are stored in the brain. It is thought that this determination is based
on how huge an emotional response an event invokes. The hippocampus sends memories out to the appropriate
part of the cerebral hemisphere for long-term storage and retrieves them when necessary. Damage to this area of
the brain may result in an inability to form new memories.
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Functions of the central nervous system:
Brain
your limbic system at work!
What’s happening in these pictures?
Can you control it?
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Functions of the central nervous system:
Brain
How do you use your cerebellum?
Discuss the functions of the
cerebellum illustrated in this
gymnast’s picture.
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Functions of the
central nervous system: BRAIN

Diencephalon
Located between the
cerebrum and the
midbrain
 Structures
 Thalamus
 Hypothalamus
 Pineal body
 Pituitary gland
3.01 Remember the structures of the

nervous system
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Functions of the
central nervous system: BRAIN

Diencephalon
Thalamus – spherical
mass of gray matter
 Hypothalamus
 Pineal body
 Pituitary gland

3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system
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Functions of the central nervous system:
Brain
How do you use your brain stem?

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla oblongata
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Functions of the central nervous system:
Brain
Discuss the relevance of the
brain stem for these functions?
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Functions of the central nervous system:
Spinal Cord
Discuss the functions of the spinal cord.
What is the relevance to health?
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Functions of the
Peripheral nervous system


Cranial
Spinal
What do the peripheral nerves do?
What is their relevance to health?
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Functions of the
peripheral nervous system:
Autonomic nervous system
Discuss
the
functions
of the
autonomic
nervous
system.
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Functions of the nervous system

Discuss the relevance of the nervous system
to the body’s communication systems.
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Disorders of the nervous system
and their treatments
Alzheimer’s disease
Who is at the greatest risk of developing
Alzheimer’s disease?
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
How is it prevented?

3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Alzheimer’s Disease
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
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


A Progressive degenerative disease of the brain that causes
memory loss and diminishing cognitive function
Cause is unknown but age is the most important risk factor
Symptoms: Begins with gradual mild forgetfulness
Progresses to severe forgetfulness and difficulty in
speaking , writing reading, maintaining personal hygiene.
There is no cure, some medications help to slow down
progression of early and middle stages of the disease
Prevention- eating right, exercising, mental stimulation
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Disorders of the nervous system
and their treatments
Multiple
Causes
cause
Cerebral palsy
What is cerebral palsy? A permanent, non progressive set of
motor deficits diagnoses in infants and toddlers
How is it treated? PT, OT, assistive devices, drugs to control
symptoms
Which healthcare team members will take care of the patient
with cerebral palsy?

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disorders of the nervous system
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Disorders of the nervous system
and their treatments
Epilepsy
What is epilepsy?
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?

3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Disorders of the nervous system
and their treatments
Hydrocephalus a condition where there is too much
CSF in the skull
Hydro- cephal -us
Define the terms. Do the meanings of the parts represent the
whole?
Caused by blockage of the narrow passages due to trauma, a
birth defect, tumor, or decreased reabsorption
of the CSF.
Treated with meds, surgical placement of
shunt to drain fluid

3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Disorders of the nervous system
and their treatments
Meningitis
What causes of meningitis?
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?

3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Disorders of the nervous system
and their treatments

Multiple sclerosis – autoimmune attack
on myelin in CNS
What are the symptoms?-varies, depending on location of
plaques, may be cognitive, motor or sensory
Who is most likely to develop it?30-50 yr.olds,
How is it treated?steroids, immunosuppressants
Symptom management
What is the prognosis?good- treated
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Disorders of the nervous system
and their treatments
Neuritis
neur- -itis - inflammation of the nerves

Discuss the terms.
Discuss the pattern of symptoms presented and why- usually
starts with one nerve and spreads to area usually due to
overexcertion
How is neuritis prevented? Resting when needed, eating
properly , exercising
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disorders of the nervous system
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Disorders of the nervous system
and their treatments

Paralysis
“disabling of a nerve”
How does this quote relate to paralysis?
What are the symptoms? muscles can”t receive any signals to
contract, muscles are floppy, reflexes are a
Decreased or absent
What is the prognosis? depending on cause-
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disorders of the nervous system
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Disorders of the nervous system
and their treatments

Parkinson’s disease
What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s
disease?
Who is most likely to have this disorder?
How is it treated?
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Disorders of the nervous system
and their treatments

Poliomyelitis a virus that can causes
polio-
What is the impact of this disorder? Mild UR or digestive
illness
How can it be prevented? vaccination
How is it treated? no cure, treat with rehab.
What is the prognosis?25% suffer permanent
disability
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disorders of the nervous system
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Disorders of the nervous system
and their treatments

Spinal cord injury
What are the symptoms?
What determines a patient’s symptoms?
How is it treated?
What are the risk factors for teens?
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Disorders of the nervous system
and their treatments
West Nile Virus
Where is the greatest incidence of West Nile
virus?
What are the risk factors?
How is it prevented?
How is it treated?

3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Stroke - CVA


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Caused by a disruption of blood flow to a portion of the
brain, usually by hemorrhage or a blood clot
Symptoms- sudden occurrence, and vary, can include
sensory, language motor and memory
Treatment- 911, medications to dissolve clot. Therapies
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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Disorders of the nervous system
and their treatments

What are some common symptoms of
neurological disorders?

What are some common prognoses?

Why do these commonalities exist?
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
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3.02 Essential Questions
What are the functions of the nervous
system?
 What are some disorders of the nervous
system?
 How are nervous system disorders treated?
 How does the nervous system relate to the
body’s communication systems?

3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
35
3.02 Understand the functions
and disorders of the nervous
system
The end
3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
36