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For more slides click here 7 The Nervous System PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EIGHTH EDITION ELAINE N. MARIEB Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functional Classification of Neurons Sensory (afferent) neurons Carry impulses from the sensory receptors Cutaneous sense organs Motor (efferent) neurons Carry impulses from the central nervous system Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functional Classification of Neurons Interneurons (association neurons) Found in neural pathways in the central nervous system Connect sensory and motor neurons Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Neuron Classification Figure 7.6 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Reflex Arc Reflex – rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli Reflex arc – direct route from a sensory neuron, to an interneuron, to an effector Figure 7.11a Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Simple Reflex Arc Figure 7.11b–c Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Types of Reflexes and Regulation Autonomic reflexes Smooth muscle regulation Heart and blood pressure regulation Regulation of glands Digestive system regulation Somatic reflexes Activation of skeletal muscles Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Autonomic Reflexes Abdominal Reflex Stimulus: light stroking of the abdomen Response: Contraction of the abdominal muscles that pull navel towards stimulus Spinal Segment: T7 - T12 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatic Reflexes Biceps Reflex Stimulus: tap to tendon of biceps brachii muscle Response: Flexion at elbow Spinal Segment: C5, C6 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatic Reflexes Triceps Reflex Stimulus: Tap to tendon of triceps brachii muscle Response: Extension at elbow Spinal Segment: C6, C7 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatic Reflexes Patellar Reflex Stimulus: tap to patellar tendon Response: extension at knee Spinal Segment: L2-L4 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatic Reflexes Ankle-jerk Reflex Stimulus: Tap to calcaneal tendon Response: extension (plantar flexion) at ankle Spinal Segment: S1-S2 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings