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By Evelyn Stone, RN., BSN. M.Ed. Brain disorder Repeated Convulsions There is an abnormal & sudden change in how the neurons send electrical signals May develop at any time 2.5 million Americans Each year in the US 300,000 people have a seizure for the 1st time 120,000 people are younger than 18 181,000 are diagnosed with a seizure disorder disease – some conditions affecting the brain may be present at birth Develop later in life Scar tissue in the brain Head Injury Stroke Brain Tumor Brain Congenital - caused by the brain not developing normally before birth Family history - genetic Infections - Bacteria & viruses Environmental – Toxins, carbon monoxide, Lead Depends on the part of the brain is affected Lasts a few seconds to a few minutes Confusion Wide open eyes that may have a blank stare Jerking of hands, legs, or face Stiff arms and legs Loss of consciousness Generalized – affect both sides of the brain Lose consciousness Partial Seizures – Most common Limited to a specific area on the brain Lennox Gastaut - early onset of a common seizure type called minor motor seizures, myoclonic seizures, atypical absence seizures Blood tests CT Scan A special x-ray to take pictures of the brain EEG - paper tracing of the brain Lumbar Puncture – spinal tap MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging Positron Emission Tomography Scan shows the area of the brain causing the seizure medicine – Dilantin, Depakote, Lamictal, Phenobarbital, Neurontin, & other medications. Anticonvulsant Surgery Vagus nerve stimulation A small device sends electrical energy to the brain through vagus nerve Prevent injury Do not hold or tie the person down Turn the person on the side to prevent aspiration/choking Do not place anything in the person’s mouth Do not pour any liquids in the person’s mouth Do not try to force the teeth apart Stay with the person until the seizure ends Time the seizure Watch the type of movement the person is Treatment may cause unpleasant side effects Seizure medication may cause slurred speech Rash Fever Clumsiness Drowsiness Call 911 Place something soft under the person’s head Loosen tight clothing Stay with the person till the seizure ends Watch the movement of the hands Epilepsy Foundation (800) 332-1000 www.epilepsyfoundation.org Community Epilepsy Support Group Conclusion Remember Safety Time the seizure Know what meds the client is on Turn client to side to prevent aspiration Call 911 if the seizure is in doubt Notify the director Notify the legal guardian/parent Notify the “Q” Conclusion Document in the client’s chart the incident Remember to document what you observed To contact Instructor: Evelyn Stone 103 Sulley court Knightdale, NC 27545 Email: [email protected] (919) 261-0696 home (919) 268-1012 cell
