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Transcript
Global Struggles Unit 7 The Cold War Begins Chapter 22 Section 1 1945 - 1960 The Yalta Conference • Roosevelt (before he died), Churchill and Stalin met to discuss the postwar world • Poland – When Germany invaded Poland the Polish government fled to Great Britain – When the Soviets liberated Poland they encouraged Polish Communists to set up a new government • One side wanted communism • The other side wanted non-communism • Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to recognize the government set up by the Soviets The Yalta Conference • The Declaration of Liberated Europe – The Allies promised that the people would be allowed to create democratic institutions of their own choice • As long as it had democratic elements • Dividing Germany – Four Zones • Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and France would control each of the zones – Stalin demanded Germany to pay war reparations – The Allies would be allowed to remove industrial equipment from Germany The Yalta Conference • Tensions Begin to Rise – Soviets pressured the King of Romania into appointing a Communist Government – Soviets refused to allow more than three nonCommunist Poles to serve in the Polish government – Roosevelt had hoped to create a more peaceful world but as the war ended the US and the Soviet Union were becoming hostile toward each other – The Era of confrontation and competition between the US and the Soviet Union becomes known as the Cold War • 1946 - 1990 The Yalta Conference • American Economic Issues – Many Americans believed the Depression caused World War II – Americans believed that American democratic governments would protect people’s rights and they made the country stable and peaceful – Free Enterprise is the best type of economy Truman Takes Control • Truman believed WWII began because Britain had tried to appease Hitler • He did not want the same mistake with the Stalin – Met with the Soviet Foreign Minister and demanded that free election be held in Poland Truman Takes Control • The Potsdam Conference – Truman met with Stalin – Truman believed industry was critical to Germany’s survival – Stalin still thinks the German’s need to pay war reparations – Truman took a stand against Stalin about the war reparations – Truman proposed that the Soviet Union take war reparations from their side and leave the other zones alone • Stalin reluctantly agreed to this idea Truman Takes Control • The Iron Curtain Descends – The Soviets refused to uphold the Declaration of Liberated Europe – Established Communist Governments in Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia – Satellite Nations • Communist countries of Eastern Europe that were controlled by the Soviet Union – Iron Curtain • Metaphor describing the separation of communist countries and non communist countries in Eastern Europe