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Global Struggles
Unit 7
The Cold War Begins
Chapter 22 Section 1
1945 - 1960
The Yalta Conference
• Roosevelt (before he died), Churchill and Stalin
met to discuss the postwar world
• Poland
– When Germany invaded Poland the Polish
government fled to Great Britain
– When the Soviets liberated Poland they encouraged
Polish Communists to set up a new government
• One side wanted communism
• The other side wanted non-communism
• Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to recognize the government
set up by the Soviets
The Yalta Conference
• The Declaration of Liberated Europe
– The Allies promised that the people would be allowed
to create democratic institutions of their own choice
• As long as it had democratic elements
• Dividing Germany
– Four Zones
• Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and
France would control each of the zones
– Stalin demanded Germany to pay war reparations
– The Allies would be allowed to remove industrial
equipment from Germany
The Yalta Conference
• Tensions Begin to Rise
– Soviets pressured the King of Romania into appointing
a Communist Government
– Soviets refused to allow more than three nonCommunist Poles to serve in the Polish government
– Roosevelt had hoped to create a more peaceful world
but as the war ended the US and the Soviet Union
were becoming hostile toward each other
– The Era of confrontation and competition between
the US and the Soviet Union becomes known as the
Cold War
• 1946 - 1990
The Yalta Conference
• American Economic Issues
– Many Americans believed the Depression caused
World War II
– Americans believed that American democratic
governments would protect people’s rights and
they made the country stable and peaceful
– Free Enterprise is the best type of economy
Truman Takes Control
• Truman believed WWII began because Britain
had tried to appease Hitler
• He did not want the same mistake with the
Stalin
– Met with the Soviet Foreign Minister and
demanded that free election be held in Poland
Truman Takes Control
• The Potsdam Conference
– Truman met with Stalin
– Truman believed industry was critical to Germany’s
survival
– Stalin still thinks the German’s need to pay war
reparations
– Truman took a stand against Stalin about the war
reparations
– Truman proposed that the Soviet Union take war
reparations from their side and leave the other zones
alone
• Stalin reluctantly agreed to this idea
Truman Takes Control
• The Iron Curtain Descends
– The Soviets refused to uphold the Declaration of
Liberated Europe
– Established Communist Governments in Poland,
Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia
– Satellite Nations
• Communist countries of Eastern Europe that were controlled
by the Soviet Union
– Iron Curtain
• Metaphor describing the separation of communist countries
and non communist countries in Eastern Europe