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World War II Warm-Up • Update Table of Contents • Write a homework reminder about the Glogster project & Fungi Assignment • Signed progress reports in the basket • Complete Terrible Choices – Situation C on a separate piece of paper to be turned in Date Session # 3/4 10 Activity Overview of World War II Page # 12 What was the Holocaust? • Nazi plan for a “pure race” • Why? Hitler’s solution to Germany’s problems • 6 million Jews murdered in camps in Europe. • 5 million others (gypsies, mentally ill/physically diasabled, homosexuals) • Total of 11 million exterminated • What is genocide? – Purposely trying to exterminate an entire group of people (ethnic, religious, racial) What Was WWII? • Largest war in human history. • Involved countries, colonies, and territories around the entire world. • By the end, over 70 million were dead. • It lasted from 1939 until 1945 “Theaters of War” – It is important to remember that WWII truly was a worldwide fight. The map depicts where WWII was fought; however the 2 main “Theaters of War” were European and the Asian Pacific Europe North Africa/Mediter ranean Atlantic Ocean Asia Pacific 3 Major Causes • W WI and the Treaty of Versailles • Appeasement • Rise of Totalitarian Governments World War I & Treaty of Versailles Appeasement Rise of Totalitarian Governments Rise of Italian Fascism Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party Rise of Communism in USSR (Russia) Worldwide Economic Depressions Japanese Expansionism (led to war with China & USSR) Anti-communism Militarism Nationalism U.S. Isolationism Treaty of Versailles After Germany lost WWI they were forced to accept all of the blame for the war They lost land to surrounding nations, had to pay reparations (equivalent to $57 trillion today), had to drastically disarm themselves, and all of the punishment made them bitter and desperate Italy was also disappointed that it was denied territory promised by Britain and France. British Prime Minister George 1914 1919 Italian Prime Minister Orlando French Prime Minister Clemenceau “Big Four” U.S. President Wilson In Germany, the economic depression caused by the Treaty of Versailles led to unemployment and hard times and in turn to a dramatic increase in votes for Hitler and the Nazi Party. Election date Votes in millions Share May 20, 1928 0.81 2.6% September 14, 1930 6.41 18.3% July 31, 1932 13.75 37.3% November 6, 1932 11.74 33.1% March 5, 1933 17.28 43.9% Voting for Hitler’s party increased as unemployment rates rose Appeasement Appeasement is the act of giving in to an enemy’s demands in hopes of avoiding further conflict. In 1938, Hitler demanded that Czechoslovakia give the Sudetenland to Germany. He claimed that the German population living there was being mistreated. The British and French prime ministers agreed to Hitler’s demands without consulting Czechoslovakian leaders, in the hopes that this would avoid a war in Europe. Appeasement • Nations were trying to prevent war/stay out of war…it didn’t work. (Isolationism) • Appeasement just showed Hitler that he could do whatever he wanted. Rise of Totalitarian Governments • A system in which the state and its leader have nearly TOTAL control. • Individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs of the nation. – No right to vote – No free speech – Government controlled economy – Often a police state Totalitarianism USSR: Communist Dictatorship Germany & Italy: Fascist Dictatorship Japan: Military Dictatorship Adolf HitlerLeader of Germany Hideki Tojo Prime Minister of Japan/military leader (under Emperor Hirohito) Benito Mussolini – Fascist Dictator of Italy Josef Stalin – Communist Dictator of USSR What is Fascism? • A totalitarian form of government with one leader and one party - dictatorship • Belief that the individual is less important than the nation • Glorifies violence, believes it is needed to prove strength of a people • Uses nationalism, racism & censorship • Italy and then Germany are examples What Did Hitler Want? • Militarism- soon after becoming chancellor he begins rearming Germany and moving troops into areas that he wants breaking the Treaty of Versailles • Lebensraum- “living space” – Austria - annexed peacefully in 1938 – Sudetenland – territory in Czechoslovakia • Given to Germany by Great Britain and France (Appeasement) • He basically invades Czechoslovakia and takes the rest starting the German Occupation –On to Poland… Militarism The glorification of war, in which a nation strengthens its military and stockpiles weapons in preparation for war. An important aspect of militarism is that the glorification of war is incorporated into all levels of society, including education of the nation’s youth – brainwashing the new generation Hitler Youth group Militaristic societies have existed throughout human history. Ancient Sparta is an example of a militaristic society How did WWII Start? • Germany invaded Poland – Sept. 1, 1939 • Allies declare war on Germany • Germany occupies Denmark & Norway and then moves on to Holland & Belgium using “blitzkrieg” tactic to overwhelm the opponent – Blitzkrieg means “lightening war” in German. – Surround with tanks and troops in trucks. Italy joins Axis Powers – June 11, 1940 Invasion of USSR – June 22, 1941 Main Countries on Each Side Axis Powers • Germany • Italy • Japan • • • • Allied Powers Great Britain Soviet Union United States France – Surrendered to Germany in 1940 after 6 weeks What About the Asian Pacific Theater of War? • December 7, 1941 - Japan bombs Pearl Harbor in Hawaii – Two hours = most US navy destroyed and 2,000 sailors killed – U.S. and Britain declare war on Japan • U.S. defeats Japanese navy at the Battle of Midway – June 1942 pushing Japan back How Did WWII End in Europe? • Operation Overlord - Allied invasion of France, also called D-Day – June 6, 1944 • Germany’s last effort to fight back is the Battle of the Bulge – December 1944 • Germany surrenders May 2 - 4, 1945 after Hitler commits suicide • Trials are held in Germany & Japan to try war criminals – many are jailed & executed • Allies divide Germany up – leads to Cold War How Did the War End in the Pacific? • Fire bombing raids on Tokyo in retaliation for bombing of Pearl Harbor – “Doolittle Raid – April 18, 1942” • August 6, 1945 – Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima • August 9, 1945 – Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki • Japan surrenders on August 14, 1945 after US drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki What Else? • • • • • • • • Holocaust Nuremburg Trials Japanese Interment Camps in America Women in the War – “Rosie the Riveter” Other Leaders of WWII Manhattan Project Tuskegee Airmen, Navajo Code Talkers Outcomes: NATO, Marshall Plan, United Nations, Cold War tension, G.I. Bill Attack on Pearl Harbor • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKoc ksMAyvQ • 1:21:58 – 1:44:11 Warm-Up • Update Table of Contents from last class also • Glogster project should be complete! • Today’s topic is to analyze the different roles that different groups had in the war and then… ANSWER THE 2 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS FOR EACH GROUP: Date Session # Activity Page # 3/6 11 World War II Perspectives – Part 1 13 3/8 12 World War II Perspectives – Part 2 14 Review - Allied Leaders • U.S. – Roosevelt until 1945; Truman after his death • Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain until 1940; Winston Churchill from 1940 • USSR – Josef Stalin • France – Charles De Gaulle • “The Big 3” pictured in the background at the Yalta Conference Women in the War • America’s secret weapon • Took on factory jobs building weapons • Entered the workforce and never looked back • Joined the Armed Forces • Helped build morale on the home front Manhattan Project • Top-secret program set up in 1942 to build the atomic bomb • Led by American scientist J. Robert Oppenheimer (influenced by German Jew Albert Einstein) • After successful testing Truman warned the Japanese they would use it if they refused to surrender – Japan refused to surrender even after Hiroshima was bombed Tuskegee Airmen • They were a unit of all black pilots that fought in North Africa & Italy • Crucial in helping the Allies gain control of the Mediterranean & invade Europe from the south • North African allies provided access to oil and transport routes Navajo Code Talkers • Navajo Indians played a major role in victory against the Japanese • Recruited 400 Navajo to communicate in their language to transmit important messages to prevent Japanese from breaking codes Bracero Program • Program were thousands of Mexicans migrated to the United States to work at the U.S. governments request! • Provided the much needed labor for farms and food production during the war • Faced prejudice and sometimes violence such as the “Zoot-Suit Riots” in Los Angeles when American sailors fought the Mexican “zoot suiters” Japanese Interment Camps • After the bombing of Pearl Harbor many Americans grew suspicious of those of Japanese ancestry • America practically banned immigration from Asia & Roosevelt signed an order for the removal of Japanese from the Pacific Coast which became known as Japanese-American Internment • More than 110,000 were placed in internment camps and kept under guard Warm-Up • Update Table of Contents/notebook • Write homework – have it stamped • All of the following topics today discuss important outcomes or legacies of the war…WRITE THE ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS ON PAGE 15, BUT DON’T ANSWER THEM YET ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: 1) How did the outcomes of the war differ depending on which side you were? 2) Why is it important to discuss the legacy of WWII? Date Session # 3/12 13 Activity Essential Questions & Outcomes of WWII Notes Page # 15 Nuremberg & Japanese War Trials • After the war ended and the concentration camps were liberated those who committed “crimes against humanity” were tried by the Allied forces • Many were jailed or executed • Some feel the trials were a “farce” because the panel of judges were all from Allied nations, but still showed that there are consequences even in times of war Marshall Plan – also known as the European Recovery Act (ERA) • The U.S. plan to aid Europe & Japan in rebuilding their land and economy • Also to help stop the spread of communism NATO • North Atlantic Treaty Organization • A defense alliance between North American and European nations (blue) • Signed April 1949 United Nations (UN) • International peace keeping organization started by 50 countries • Replaced the previously established, but weak League of Nations Cold War Tensions • The U.S. and Soviet Union had been “allies” during WWII but now the war is over… • Despite damages the Soviet Union emerges very powerful after WWII – it had conquered much of Eastern Europe • The United States is angered by Stalin’s broken promise to promote democracy in the nations he took occupied in Eastern Europe – communist regimes • Stalin wants to spread communism; America wants to stop it • Atomic weapons & NATO also increase the tension Finishing Up America the Story of Us 5. What were some of the arguments for and against the use of the atomic bomb? What were the after effects of using it? 6. Overall, what were the consequences of WWII for the United States? How was the U.S. changed by the war? The Legacy of the War: Remembering Through Primary Sources • How do we analyze primary sources? • SOAPSTone doesn’t work for everything! So, now what???? Museum Box Roles • Your table needs to nominate the following: *Leader – leads the group through meaningful discussion of your primary sources – responsible for turning your groups analysis in to Ms. Sarnelli Curator – responsible for choosing, caring for and returning your primary source kit Scribe – responsible for writing the group’s analysis of your primary sources *Speaker - filters all questions to Ms. Sarnelli, will be the one to share with the class if asked *In groups of 3 the leader and speaker will be the same person Take your oath… Sharing Your Sources • Anyone care to share the analysis of ONE of your primary sources?? • Make sure your group leader turns your analysis in!! Museum Display Story • For homework you will chose ONE of the primary source artifacts from your kit • You will create a museum display story for your item that would be showcased next to the item in a museum – option of sharing next class • Take picture of your chosen artifact? • Start now… Warm-Up • Update Table of Contents/notebook • Write homework – have it stamped • Answer the Essential Questions you wrote on page 15 last class • Put your Museum Box Display Story in the basket – unless you want to read yours and present it with your artifact! Date Session # 3/14 14 Activity Museum Box Project Guide Page # 16 Essential Questions 1) How did the outcomes of the war differ depending on which side you were? 2) Why is it important to discuss the legacy of WWII? Museum Box Project Basics Choose ONE Basic Focus: • A specific Theater of War to focus on so that your Museum Box is more specific • OR you can use the entire war so that you have more options! Museum Box Format Options Choose ONE Format: • Glogster • Prezi • Powerpoint • Word * Think about how you will submit it to me! Museum Box Requirements Complete ALL with picture & analysis: • • • • • • • 1 written document 1 photograph 1 cartoon 1 poster or advertisement 1 map 1 artifact (object) 1 sound recording or video/motion picture of the time (provide link also)