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CHAPTER 20
AMERICA AND WORLD
WAR II
SECTION 1
MOBILIZING FOR WAR
Bell Work April 22, 2013
• Get worksheet from the back table (WWII
crossword puzzle).
• Do this for bell work…this is due for a
grade! You have 15 minutes!
• Come in and sit down. Get
your study guides out and
study!! You have Ten
minutes!!!!
Bellwork
• Get out your Chapter 19 and 20
study guide. Begin working on
these if you do not already have it
completed. If you have already
completed the study guides … then
I want you studying!!!!
Bell work
• Pick up the rest of your chapter 17 notes
from the back table.
• Also, pick up the two guided reading
worksheets and get started working on
these.
Pick up a map from the table
• Select one colored pencil and follow
directions on the map.
• Use a pen or pencil to label the map. You
have 10 minutes to finish!! Get busy!!!
Bellwork
• Get out both WWII maps
(Aggression in Europe and WWII
in the Pacific). Make sure that both
maps are labeled right!! If you
have not finished both maps, make
sure you get them finished!!
Dramatic contributions
• Industrial output was tremendous
– Twice as much as Germans
– 5 times as much as Japanese
• In 4 years the US was able to fight and win
a war on 2 fronts against 2 powerful
military empires
• Cost Plus Contracts - - • Reconstruction Finance Corporation-paid
businesses to structure their factories to
make war materials
Industrial response
• Automobile factories converted to tank
production
– Also produced rifles, mines, helmets, pontoon
bridges, pots…
– Nearly 1/3 of military equipment was produced
by the auto industry
• Henry Ford created an assembly line to
make the B-24 Bomber
Building Liberty Ships
• Henry Kaizer’s(industrialist)shipyards built
cargo ships(Liberty ships)
• Cargo ships transported tankers, troops, and
“baby” aircraft.
• 1942-4 days to build a ship
• 1945- build a ship a day
– Most were welded not riveted
• Harder to sink
War Production Board
• Created to set priorities and production
goals
• Controlled distribution of raw materials
• OFFICE OF WAR MOBILIZATION
– Created to settle disputes between agencies
Building an Army
• Japan claimed to reduce the US to a third
rate power
• When Germany invaded Poland FDR
worked to increase our military
• SELECTIVE SERVICE AND TRAINING
ACT
– Established the first peace time draft
You’re in the
Army Now! (or Navy)
• Training facilities were
flooded with draftees
and volunteers
• Draftees were given
physicals and
vaccinations and
uniforms….
• GI
• Basic Training created
units not individuals
Segregated Army
• Trained separately
• Served in segregated units
• Most were kept out of combat
• Things would be worse if Hitler won!!!
African Americans in Combat
• Tuskegee Airmen
• African Americans in combat did very
well!! Some were highly decorated
• 1943 – bases integrated
• 1948 – Truman fully integrated the military
Pushing for a Double “V”
• African Americans started a campaign to
unite
– First defeat Hitler’s racism and then end racism
in the US
• FDR ordered military to recruit African
Americans and use them in combat
– BENJAMIN O. DAVIS – appointed by FDR to
rank of Brigadier General
Tuskegee Airmen
Women in the Armed Forces
• Women enlisted but were kept from combat
• Woman’s Army Auxiliary Corps
– Not a part of the regular army – women got
mad
• Woman’s Army Corps replaced WAAC
Americans Go to War
• US suffered the fewest casualties of all
major powers involved in war
• US soldiers did not adopt the “spit and
polish” European style
Minority Groups
• 1 million African American’s joinsegregated units. Most were willing to fight.
• More than 13,000 Chinese American’s join.
• Chinese Exclusion Act-Repealed 1943.
• 33,000 Japanese American’s volunteered to
serve as spies and interpreters in Pacific.
• 25,000 Native Americans
CHAPTER 20
SECTION 3
LIFE ON THE HOMEFRONT
Labor’s contribution
• WWII created 10 million jobs.
• Salaries doubled
• Employers hired woman and minorities
• More than 6 million workers were women.
GOOD BYE DEPRESSION!!
• World War II created 19 million
jobs and many salaries doubled!!!
• GOOD BYE DEPRESSION 
• To fill the new jobs employers
hired women and minorities
• Women began to work in the
defense plants
• Rosie the Riveter
African Americans
demand war work
• Factories resisted
• A. Philip Randolph-President of
R.R. Union-Brotherhood of
Sleeping Car porters (1925)
• FDR issued an Executive Order
– No discrimination in the work place
Mexicans become farm
workers
• Bracero
Program
War Time Migration
• Where are the jobs?
– cities
• What is just ending?
– Great Depression
• What happens to the population?
– The move where the jobs are!!!!
• The Sun Belt
– Most headed south and west to the
new industrial region
Housing Crisis
• All this movement caused a
housing shortage in the cities
• Tents and trailers
Racism Explodes
• Great Migration picks back up
– Competition for jobs
• Detroit 1943
– June
• Black and White girls
• 25
9
killed
• Still committed to “Double V”
Zoot Suit
Riots
• 1943
• Los Angeles
Japanese American
Relocation
• When Pearl Harbor was attacked
Americans turned against Japanese
living in the US
• Executive Order 9066
• Internment Camps
• Neisi
• Korematsu vs. US
• Japanese in the war effort
• 1988 – Ronald Reagan
Japanese Internment camps
• 120,000 Japanese Americans living in the
U.S.
• Most on the West Coast
• 1942 War Dept.-mass evacuation of all
Japanese Amer. From Hawaii.
• Were forced to live on internment camps.
• 19% of Hawaii’s Jap. American population
Japanese in the War effort
• Thousands of Japanese Americans joined
the war effort-felt betrayed.
• No evidence found that Jap Americans were
spies.
• Japs fight for justice in courts and congress.
1988-Ronald Reagan
• Signs a bill that promised $20,000 to every
Jap American that suffered internment.
Federal Gov’t takes
control
• Office of Economic Stabilization
– Regulated wages and prices of farm
products
• Office of Price Administration
– Targeted inflation
– Regulated wages on everything except
farm products
• War Labor Board
– Tried to prevent strikes
Rationing
• To make sure our troops
had what they needed the
Office of Price
Administration started
rationing certain goods
• Buying rationed items
required
– Money
– Proper number of correct
stamps
• Other rations
– Speed limits - Gasoline
– Restricted driving
Victory Gardens
Scrap Drives
Paying for the War
• Small tax increase
• War Bonds
W
A
R
B
O
N
D
S
Hollywood
• Hollywood helps in mobilization
• Produced war movies to motivate people to
join military.
• Some movies would stir up hatred against
Nazis.
Mobilization of Scientists
• Office of Science Research Development (OSRD)
est. 1941 by FDR.
• New technology:
• Radar and Sonar
• Pesticides-DDT fight insects
• Penicillin-saved countless lives
• Atomic Bomb-1942 research conducted at
Columbia University in Manhattan.
• Manhattan Project
BELL WORK
On a piece of paper identify the
following:
1.When did World War II begin?
2.When did the US get involved?
3.Why did the US get involved?
4.Do you know someone that was
alive during World War II?
Section 2
• TehThe Early Battles
Admiral Chester Nimitz
• Commander of the US Navy in the
Pacific
• Began planning attack against Japan
– Had to use aircraft carriers
Admiral Chester Nimitz
JAPANESE ADVANCES
Commander
of US
In the
first six months after
NavyPearl
in the Harbor, Japan conquered
Pacific
land in Asia and in the Pacific.
BeganJapan
planning
had so much land, Hitler’s
attack against
Empire looked tiny!
the Japanese
Navy using
Japancarriers
even took two Alaskan Islands!
aircraft
General
Douglas Mac Arthur
Japan attacked Philippines 2
hours after Pearl Harbor
Mac Arthur is the US
Commander in the Pacific
Bataan Peninsula
Defended Philippines for 3
months
Ordered to withdraw by FDR
Bataan Death March
Bataan Death March
Bataan Death March
Bataan Death March
Doolittle
Planned the “Pearl
Harbor” style
attack on Japan
Doolittle Raid
Doolittle Raid
Doolittle Raid
Battle
of the
Coral
Sea
Battle of the Coral Sea
Battle of the Coral Sea
Battle of the Coral Sea
Battle of Midway
June 1942
Battle of Midway
Battle of Midway
Battle of Midway
FDR and Churchill
1. Top priority – defeat Hitler
2. Unconditional surrender would be
accepted
Operation Torch
General Rommel
Operation Torch
General Eisenhower and
General Patton
Operation Torch
May 1942
Operation Torch
Operation Torch
Battle of Kasserine Pass
Battle of the Atlantic
Hitler’s subs were
ordered to …
US ships were
unprotected and
easy to spot
Radar and Sonar
Crash Ship
Building
program-1942140 Liberty
ships/month
Battle of the Atlantic
U.S. supply ships escorted by Navy convoys.
Convoys have sonar to detect German uboats.
Air patrol have radar to detect German uboats.
Mid 1943- the tide had turned.
Battle of the Atlantic
Battle of the Atlantic
Battle of the Atlantic
Battle of the Atlantic
Battle of the Atlantic
Battle of the Atlantic
Battle for Stalingrad
Hitler and Stalin
May 1942
Battle for Stalingrad
Battle for Stalingrad
Battle for Stalingrad
Battle for Stalingrad
Battle for Stalingrad
Section 4
• Pick up the rest of your chapter 17 notes on
thePUSHING THE AXIS BACK
back table.
• Pick up both worksheets and get started on
these as your bell work.
CASABLANCA
CONFERENCE
• FDR and Churchill
1. bomb Germany and destroy their
military, economic system and
industries
2. Attack Axis at Sicily (the “soft
underbelly”)
STRATEGIC BOMBING
• Allies had practiced limited bombing of
Germany (3,800) tons each month
• Started a massive attack – (53,000) each
month
Results –
Did not destroy economy but it did cause an
oil shortage
Weakened the RR system
Destroyed aircraft factories
Striking the “Soft Underbelly”
• Eisenhower – head commander of invasion
– Patton – US
– Montgomery – Britain
• Sicily was captured by Patton and troops
• King Emmanuel – Called Mussolini to
Palace
– Mussolini gets arrested
• King begins the surrender process but
Hitler refuses to loose Italy
Bloody Anzio
• 5 month battle
• Allied forces won
• Partisans – Italian civilian militia
-Helped Allies
-Captured Mussolini
Killed him and hung him in Milan Square
BIG THREE
Roosevelt
Stalin
Churchill
AGREEMENTS:
1. Stalin would attack Germany when the
Allied invasion of France started
2. FDR and Stalin agreed to break up
Germany after the war
3. Stalin Agreed to help the US against Japan
after Hitler’s defeat
4. Establish the United Nations
D-Day Invasion
Operation Overlord
• FDR appoints Eisenhower to organize
the attack
• Where to attack – Hitler fortified …
• Decoy tanks
• Normandy Beach
• Preparations and conditions
June 6 – The Longest Day
Commander Bradley and Omaha Beach
By the end of the day …
Driving the Japanese Back
• D-Day and Japanese attack were planned at
the same time!
• Two pronged attack in the Pacific
- Nimitz – attack through the central area
- Mac Arthur – use a southern route –
through the Philippines
- Island Hopping -
Nimitz
Tarawa – surrounded by coral reefs – ships
ran aground
Only 1 in 3
marines made
it ashore
LTV “amphtrack”
helped them
get ashore
Mac Arthur
• Guadalcanal – first land offensive of
the Pacific war
– Japan’s first defeat on land
• Hopped to the Philippines “I have
returned!”
• Kamikaze - Used by Japan to defend
• US captured Manila and continued
fighting until the end of war
Guadalcanal
• In Solomon Islands
• August 1942-19,000 troops storm
Guadalcanal.
• Japan’s 1st defeat on land.
• “Island of death”
Battle of the Bulge
-Aachen
-Germans
-McAuliffe
-Intelligence
reports
From this
point on the
Germans
could only
retreat
Audie
Murphy
Liberation of Death Camps
•
•
•
-
Allied forces push east into Germany
Soviets are pushing West
Majdenek – first death camp liberated
Soviets reached it first
- 800,000 shoes
- World’s largest crematorium
- 1000 living corpses
Unconditional Surrender
• April 25, 1945
• -Soviets stormed Berlin
• April 29 Hitler-marries Eva Braun
-writes a letter blaming the war on Jews and his
officers for losing it
April 30, 1945-Hitler shoots himself. Eva swallow
poison. Bodies are burned.
• V-E Day – May 8 – Eisenhower accepts the
unconditional surrender of Germany
Now all attention
shifts to JAPAN
Iwo Jima
• US needed this island for B-29
bombers to reach Japan
• Probably the most heavily defended
place on Earth! - Tunnels
20,700 Japanese – 20,500
60,000 US – 6,800
• April 12, 1945
• FDR dies of a stroke in Warm Springs,
GA while posing for a portrait.
• Vice President Harry S. Truman will
become the nation’s 33rd President.
Fire Bombs
• Curtis Lemay-comm. Of B-29s(change strategy)
• Napalm-jellied gasoline
• You could miss your target and still inflict great
damage
• Very controversial because it killed civilians.
Okinawa
April 1945
• The only place between allies and the
final assault on Japan
• Japan used kamikaze attacks again
• US continue to fight and take over
• Ends June 22, 1945
• Losses
• US – 7,600
Japan – 110,000
Okinawa
Okinawa
Bell Ringer
• Get your book and turn to page 619.
• Read the information in the box at the
bottom of the page “Striking Back:
the Doolittle Raid”
• Be able to explain what happened.
• Be able to explain the effect the raid
had on US morale and Japanese
morale.
The Manhattan Project
• FDR created the
committee to examine
possibilities of the
Atomic bomb
• J. Robert
Oppenheimer
• New Mexico
To Bomb or Not to Bomb
•
•
•
•
Huge debate
Do you warn Japan or not
Decided no specific warning
Truman made the final decision to
drop the bomb to save the lives
of our military
August 6, 1945
Enola Gay dropped
Little Boy on
Hiroshima
August 15, 1945
Japan Surrendered
August 9, 1945
Box Car dropped
Fat Man on
Nagasaki
V-J DAY
Creation of the
United Nations
• April 1945
• Representatives of
50 nations met in
San Francisco
• Agreed on a
Charter – the
structure of the UN
UN Setup
1. General Assembly
Made up of representatives of all member nations
2. Security Council – hold real power
made up of 11 members
5 seats are permanent
US SU Britain France China
6 seats are decided on a
rotating basis
3. Powers
-investigate international problems
-propose settlements
-ask member nations to use forces to uphold
decisions
Nuremberg War Trials
• Held in Germany to try German officials
• Many sentenced to death – others went to jail
• First time a nations leaders were held
responsible for war time actions
Occupation of Japan
• Led by Mac Arthur
• Tried Japanese for war crimes
• Mac Arthur helped write a new
constitution
Positive changes
Women’s suffrage
Free market – strong economy
Democratic government
Mac Arthur Constitution
Hitler
GI Bill of Rights
• Soldiers returning home from war
were given money to attend
college, own a business, or buy a
home.
BELL RINGER
On a piece of paper answer the
following –
1. Name the two fronts the US fought
on in WW II.
2. Select a battle discussed yesterday
and give a brief description of it and
explain its importance.
BELL RINGER
•
Pretend you are a soldier or someone living in the
US. Identify your choice (soldier or Homefront)
and answer the following questions based on
your point of view:
1. How has America’s role in the war changed your
life?
2. How has the war changed your view of the US
government or the world? Explain your answer.
3.
BELL RINGER
1. Identify the characters in the cartoon on your
desk.
Write what they represent beside the characters.
2. Explain the message the cartoon is trying to
convey.
Write your answers on the top or bottom of the
cartoon.
3. Complete the timeline activity on the back
side of the worksheet.