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• Military Strategy against the Japanese is ISLAND HOPPING: capturing key islands to cut off Japanese supply lines and to use as bases for attack against the Japanese islands • U.S. Commanders in the Pacific – General Douglas MacArthur – Admiral Chester Nimitz • Philippines fall in April 1942 THE DOOLITTLE RAIDS, April 1942 • Secret mission from USS Hornet • B-52s took off from Hornet & bombed Tokyo – first bombing of Japan • Had to crash land in China (could not land on aircraft carriers) • Most of the pilots survived TIMELINE OF EVENTS IN THE PACIFIC: • Battle of the Coral Sea – 5/42 – Halts Japanese advance on Australia • Japanese had overextended themselves – First all-aircraft battle • Battle of Midway – 6/42 – 3 day air battle; US sinks 4 Japanese carriers – Turning point in War in the Pacific • Battle of Guadalcanal – 8/42 – 2/43 – Victory guaranteed Japanese would not disrupt U.S. – Australian shipping lanes Gen. Douglas MacArthur returns to the Philippines Battle of Leyte Gulf, Oct. 1944 Destroys Japanese imperial fleet Kamikazes used by Japanese Iwo Jima Feb.-March 1945 One of last major outposts; only 600 miles from Tokyo Would be “unsinkable aircraft carrier” Extremely heavy casualties OKINAWA June 1945 • Only 350 mi. from Japanese mainland • Ground invasion to take place from here • 279 Kamikaze hits here Col. Paul Tibbets waves farewell as he prepares to take off for Hiroshima Col. Tibbets named his plane after his mother. “Fat Man” Nagasaki, Aug. 9, 1945 “Little Boy” Hiroshima, Aug. 6, 1945 Shadows burned into a wooden observation tower and outlined in chalk by investigators record a Nagasaki air-raid observer’s last moments. After descending from his post by ladder, the observer hung up his sword belt and was unbuttoning his jacket when the bomb exploded. EFFECTS OF THE ATOMIC BOMB V-J DAY Aug. 15, 1945 Times Square Official Surrender, U.S.S. Missouri, Sept. 2, 1945 -- Tokyo The End of the War • In less than four years, the US achieved what no other nation had ever done – it fought and won a two-front war against two powerful military empires, forcing each to surrender unconditionally. • “For all the fake manliness… we cried with relief & joy. We were going to live. We were going to grow up to adulthood after all.” The United Nations (UN) • Before his death, FDR thought that a new world organization would help to prevent another world war • In 1944, delegates from 39 countries met in Washington, D.C. to discuss the new organization • April 15, 1945 – representatives from50 countries met to design the UN’s , or constitution Putting the Enemy on Trial • In the summer of 1945, the US, Britain, France, & the Soviet Union created the International Military Tribunal (IMT) – Designed to try the German leaders of WWII suspected of committing war crimes • The trials were held in Nuremberg, Germany & called the Nuremberg Trials – 22 leaders were prosecuted • 3 acquitted, 7 given prison sentences, 12 sentenced to death by hanging – Trials of lower-ranking officers were done in 1949 • 24 more were executed & 107 given prison sentences • Similar trials were held in Tokyo – Emperor not tried