Download Fascism Rises In Europe

Fascism Rises In Europe
-Setting the Stage
 With democracy holding strong in the US,
Britain, and France, many other countries grew
tired after years of economic crisis.
 They turned to fascism.
 Fascism- a political movement that promotes
an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of
individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party
rule.
Fascism
 Fascists
promised to:
1. Revive the economy
2. Punish those for difficult times
3. Restore order and national pride.
They attracted many people because of the
frustration of peace treaties following
World War One and the Global Great
Depression.
I. Fascism’s Rise in Italy
 Fascism
became a new, militant political
movement that emphasized loyalty to the
state and obedience to its leader.
 Fascism does not have any clear theories
or ideas, but Fascists shared several
ideas.
-Preached an extreme form of nationalism,
or loyalty to one’s country.
Fascist Leaders
 People
of Fascists countries pledged
loyalty to a authoritarian who guided and
brought order to the state.
 Leaders always wore uniforms, used
special salutes, and held mass rallies.
Fascist Similarities to Communism
 One-party
rule
 State was supreme
 Neither practiced any type of Democracy
Differences
 Fascists did not seek a classless society
(class had it’s place and function)
 Fascists were nationalists, and
Communists were internationalists.
Mussolini Takes Control
 Fascism
grew because of bitter
disappointment over the failure to win
large territorial gains at the 1919 Paris
Peace Conference.
 Rising inflation and unemployment were
leading causes towards social unrest.
 To many Italians, democracy seemed
helpless to deal with country’s problems.
 Italians wanted a leader to take action.
Benito Mussolini
 A newspaper
editor and politician; he
promised to rescue Italy by reviving its
economy and rebuilding its armed forces.
 He promised to provide Italy with strong
leadership.
 Founded the Fascist Party in 1919.
 As economics became worse, Mussolini’s
popularity rose. And he began to criticized
Italy’s government.
Mussolini
 Mussolini
took his aggression out on
Communist and Socialists in city streets.
 By playing on the fears of a workers revolt,
he began to win the support of the middle
class, the aristocracy, and industrial
leaders.
Mussolini Takes Over Italy
 October
1922, 30,000 Fascist Italians
marched on Rome.
 Their demand; for King Emmanuel III put
Mussolini in charge of the government.
 The King agreed, as he saw Mussolini to
be the best hope for his dynasty to
survive.
 Because of violence and threatening
uprisings Mussolini took power “legally”
Il Duce’s Leadership
Mussolini gives himself the title of “Il Duce” which means
the leader.
 He abolished democracy and outlawed all political
parties except the Fascists.
 Secret police jailed opponents.
 Government censored radio stations and publications to
broadcast or publish only Fascist doctrines.
 He even outlawed strikes.
 He allied with industrialists and large landowners to
control the economy.
 Mussolini never gained total control like his counterparts
Stalin and Hitler.

II. Hitler Rises to Power in
Germany
 Adolf
Hitler- With humble beginning of
struggles and disappointment, he found
his coming out during World War one,
where he earned an Iron Cross for
bravery.
 While Mussolini began to rise Hitler was a
little-known political leader.
The Rise of the Nazis
 After
World War One, Hitler made his
home in Munich, Germany.
 In 1919 Hitler joined a right-wing political
party which believed that the German
people needed to overturn the Treaty of
Versailles and to destroy Communism.
They were called the National Socialist
German Workers’ Party known as the
Nazis.
Creation of Nazismm
 They
created a form of Nazism
-The Fascist policies of the National
Socialist German Workers’ party, based on
totalitarianism, a belief in racial superiority,
and state control of industry.
-Made swastika their symbol
-Set up a secret police called Storm
Troopers or Brown Shirts.
The Beer Hall Putsch

In a short amount of time with success as an
organizer and a craft for public speaking Hitler
became der Fuhrer.
-der Fuhrer- simply means the leader.
-Inspired by Mussolini’s march on Rome, Hitler
organized a Nazi plot to seize power in power in
Munich, 1923.
-The attempt failed, Hitler was arrested and tried
for treason. He was sentenced for five years but
ended up serving 9 months.
Mein Kampf

While in jail Hitler wrote Mein Kampf
 Mein Kampf: “My struggle” a book written by Hitler during
his imprisonment in 1923-1924, in which he set forth his
beliefs and his goals for Germany
-1. made claim that Germans were the Aryan or master
race.
-2.He stated the non Aryans such as Jews, Slavs, and
Gypsies, to be inferior.
-3. The Treaty of Versailles an outrage and pledge to get
back German lands.
-4. Declared Germany was crowded and needed
“lebensraum” or living space.
-5. He promised to get space from Russia and Eastern
Europe through conquest.
Hitler is Released from Prison.
 After
getting out of prison Hitler revived the
Nazi Party.
 It wasn’t until the Great Depression hit, did
people begin to listen to Hitler’s ideals and
angry message.
 With an economic collapse of the German
economy, with civil unrest, the German
people looked to Hitler with hopes of
security and firm leadership.
III. Hitler Becomes Chancellor
 1932-
Nazis become political power.
 German conservative leaders believed
they could control Hitler and use him for
their own political gains.
 January 1933- these leaders advised Paul
Von Hindenburg to make Hitler Chancellor.
Once in Office Hitler uses the full
extent of is legal power.

1.

1.
2.
Call for new elections
Hoping to win a parliamentary Nazi
majority.
Hitler burns the Reichstag six days
before the elections
Blames fire on the Communists
By blaming Communists, the Nazis were
able to gain a slim majority.
Hitler begins making a Totalitarian
State
1.
2.
3.
4.
Banned all other political parties and
opponents arrested.
Created the SS or protection guard
(dressed in black uniforms)
The SS, loyal to Hitler, arrested and
killed hundred of Hitler’s enemies.
The terror provided by the Gestapo
(secret police) forced the German people
into obedience.
The Fuhrer is Supreme
-With power over the economics and politics of
Germany, Hitler wanted to control every aspect
of German life.
 To praise his leadership Hitler turned to the.
1. Press
2. Radio
3. Literature
4. Painting
5. Film
 Books not conforming to Nazi ideals were
burned.
 Churched
could not criticize the
government.
 Children had to join the Hitler Youth (boys)
and or the League of Germans (girls)
 Continuous struggle brought victory to the
strong.
 Twisted philosophy of Nietzsche to support
his use of brutal force.
Hitler Makes War on Jews

Anti-Semitism or Jew hatred was an important
component of Nazi ideology.
 Nazis used Jews as scapegoats for all problems since
the war.
 Anti-Semitism made waves across Germany.
 November 9, 1938 Nazi mobs attacked Jews in their
homes and on the streets and destroyed thousands of
Jewish-owned buildings.
 The attack was called Kristallnacht (Night of Broken
Glass)
 The event signaled the real start of the Jewish Holocaust