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 The Cold War was a time after WW2 when the USA
and the Soviet Union were rivals for world influence.
 NATO – North
 Warsaw Pact – pro
Atlantic Treaty
Organization
 USA, France, Great
Britain, Canada,
West Germany
 CAPITALISM
Soviet countries –
USSR, East
Germany, and all
countries controlled
by the USSR.
 COMMUNISM
The Ideological Struggle
Soviet &
Eastern Bloc
Nations
[“Iron
Curtain”]
GOAL  spread
world-wide
Communism
US & the
Western
Democracies
GOAL 
“Containment” of
Communism & the
eventual collapse
of the Communist
world.
METHODOLOGIES:
•Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
•Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
•Ideological Competition for the minds and
hearts of Third World peoples [Communist
govt. & command economy vs. democratic
govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars”
•Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw
Pact]
The “Iron Curtain”
From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the
Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the
Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient
capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.
-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946
•
Soviets reached Berlin first (Hitler found dead in bunker—a suicide)
•
Victory in Europe (V-E Day) proclaimed May 8, 1945
•
War in Europe finally over after nearly six years, both Europe and Asia in ruins
•
Tens of millions dead; heaviest losses in Eastern Europe
•
Germany, Japan, and China had also suffered greatly
•
•
Physical devastation; cities, villages, and farms destroyed
•
National economies near collapse
Millions uprooted
•
former prisoners of war, survivors of concentration camps, refugees of
fighting and of national border changes
• Joint declaration of Churchill
and Roosevelt
• Outlined purpose of war (to
provide freedom from fear)
• Sought no territorial gains
• All nations could choose
their own government
• Work for mutual prosperity
• December 1943
• Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
• Agreed on schedule for D-Day invasion
• Would work together in peace after the war
(United Nations was tentatively agreed on)
Yalta (in the USSR)
Feb. 1945
Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin
• Held in Soviet territory in early 1945; Allies on brink of
military victory
• Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill agreed on plans for
Germany
• Primary goal to reach agreement on postwar Europe
• Stalin got his way with Eastern Europe because the
Soviet Union had suffered terribly (20 million died)
• Confirmed decision to organize the United Nations
Potsdam (in Germany
July 1945
Churchill/Atlee, Truman, and
 Churchill/Atlee, Stalin, and Truman
 Four power control over Germany.
 Disagreements over “spheres of influence”.
 Stalin has less bargaining power.
 Cold War begins.
Iron Curtain –
A term used by
Winston Churchill
to describe the
separating of
Those communist
lands of East
Europe from the
West.
 The Russians took very high casualties to
capture Berlin in May 1945. They spent the
early occupation trying to take over all zones
of the city but were stopped by German
democrats such as Willy Brandt and Konrad
Adenauer. Reluctantly the Russians had to
admit the Americans, French and British to
their respective zones.
 Potsdam conference ended with little agreement over
key issues.
 Stalin continued to influence Eastern European
nations and by 1946 Poland, Hungary, Romania,
Bulgaria, and Albania all had Communist
governments.
 Churchill described it as an iron-curtain, the name
stuck.
 Today’s task is to ensure our understanding of the two
competing ideologies during the Cold War:
 Capitalism
 Communism
 Your next small assignment is a small poster that will
demonstrate your understanding of communism or
capitalism. Use the information in the next slides to
help you.
 Freedom
 Collective
 Equality
 Individual
 Community
 Totalitarian
 Democratic
 Free competition
 State-owned
 private
 Both are ideologies (a set of beliefs)
 Both talk about the economy and how the economy
should run
 Capitalism:
 Little government involvement in the economy
 Let people decide what to do with their money
 INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM IS THE FOCUS
 Communism:
 Lots of government involvement in the economy
 Government decides what is best for everybody
 EQUALITY IS THE FOCUS
 As we look at some examples of American and Soviet
propaganda, take note of the characteristics.
 EQUALITY VS. FREEDOM
 SIGHT
 Scan for important details
 What is being shown? What is the focus of the image?
 Identify the conflict or tension (if one)
 Guess the creator’s message or intent
 What point of view is being displayed?
 Hear the voices
 If they could speak, what would they say?
 Whose voices are absent or ignored? Why?
 Talk about your observations
 http://www.designer-
daily.com/examples-ofamerican-cold-warpropaganda-2918
 http://www.designer-
daily.com/examples-ofamerican-cold-warpropaganda-2918
 http://www.designer-
daily.com/examplesof-american-coldwar-propaganda-2918
 http://www.designer-
daily.com/examples-ofamerican-cold-warpropaganda-2918
 http://www.designer-
daily.com/examples-ofamerican-cold-warpropaganda-2918
http://www.designerdaily.com/examples-of-americancold-war-propaganda-2918
 What happened to Britain & France?
 Why was their tension between the USA and the
USSR? Weren’t they friends and allies before?
 Complete your handout.
 The USA was prepared to send
money, equipment and advice to any
country which was, in the American
view, threatened by a Communist
take-over.
 Essentially it helped countries
resisting communism.
USA’s plan to send food,
blankets, fuel to Europe
to help them AND to
keep them from turning
communist .
 Discuss with your partner for a few minutes.
Refusing to
trade or aid
countries in
order to
punish them
 Still today, the USA
has an economic
embargo on
communist Cuba.
 Their only cars are
from before the
embargo!
 By 1946, Britain, France, & the USA combined their
zones in Germany to form West Germany. Their
goal was to help Germany recover (not too
quickly!).
 In response Stalin blockaded Berlin. He did not
like what the Western countries were doing and he
wanted to force them out of Berlin.
 What would you do?
 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/airlift/map/map_04.html
 Allies air-lift supplies into West Berlin.
 No shots were fired, but planes flew for ten
months supplying West Berlin.
 Eventually the USSR gave up.
 Berlin is Germany’s capital city.
 The Soviets built the wall to keep people from
escaping to the American sector.
 1961
 Started as a barbed wire barricade and evolved into
the concrete structure we know today.