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Phase 3 July 1943 – June 1944 • Towards the end of 1942 and into 1943, the power of the war shifted away from the Axis. • Midway, Pacficic Ocean – June 4-7, 1942 • Victory of US of Japanese Imperial Navy • Stalingrad , USSR – July 1942 - February 1943 • Germany loses “bloodiest battle in the history of warfare” • El Alamein, N – May 1943 • Germany surrenders in North Africa Phase 3 July 1943 – June 1944 • By the summer of 1943, the allies were on the offensive and Germany was on the defensive. • On the “eastern front”, Germany began to retreat back to Berlin from the Soviet Union • In the Pacific, the Americans were successful in pushing Japan back. What about Canada? • A Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) formed its own bomber group in 1943 the No. 6 Bomber Group. The Italian Campaign What about Canada? • Canadians were part of the Italian Campaign – the fight to capture Italy. • After securing North Africa, allied troops crossed the Mediterranean to Sicily, them mainland Italy. • Italy surrendered in 1943, however, Germany took over Italy and the fighting continued. What about Canada? • The Canadians were particularly essential to the Battle of Ortona in 1943. Phase 4 June 1944 – September 1945 • Clearly, the allies needed to create a “western front” in Europe to try and push Germany back. • Plans for the invasion of Europe began early • Operation Overlord – The Invasion of Europ • The actual operation took place June 6, 1944 and continued through the summer. Phase 4 June 1944 – September 1945 Phase 4 June 1944 – September 1945 • The invasion of Normandy was successful – The allies now had a foothold in Europe – Germany was on the defence and losing ground – The allies could continue to liberate other areas of western Europe Phase 4 June 1944 – September 1945 • 2 052 299 Allied troop were landed on the beaches of Normandy • 36,976 killed, 153,475 wounded and 19,221 missing • 4,101 aircraft were lost and 16,714 airmen were • total Allied casualties 226,386 What about Canada? What about Canada? • The Canadians were instrumental in the Invasion of Normandy • They took Juno Beach on June 6 and reached their inland objective by the end of the day • They went on to participate in the rest of the invasion of Europe. What about Canada? • Canadian troops were part of the force which moved into France and then Belgium during the autumn of 1944 What about Canada? • Canada liberated the Netherlands (Holland) in May 1945