* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download America at War - Faculty Access for the Web
Survey
Document related concepts
Wang Jingwei regime wikipedia , lookup
British propaganda during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Battle of the Mediterranean wikipedia , lookup
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere wikipedia , lookup
World War II by country wikipedia , lookup
Home front during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Foreign relations of the Axis powers wikipedia , lookup
Causes of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Naval history of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Allies of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Diplomatic history of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
US Enters the Fight The Road to War • U.S. remained at peace 1939–1941 • Popular sympathy for Allies, distaste for Germany and Japan • Roosevelt openly expressed favor for Allies, moved cautiously to avoid outcry from isolationists From Neutrality to Undeclared War • 1939–1941: FDR sought help for England without actually entering the war • November, 1939: Belligerents may buy U.S. goods on “cash and carry” basis • 1940: German occupation of France • America First forms to protest drift toward war • White Committee wanted to aid Britain Neutrality Erodes… • Neutrality Act of 1939 – allows “cash-and-carry” • 1940 – Japan, Germany, and Italy announce alliance of Axis Powers • $37 billion approved for military build-up • 9/2/1940 - 50 destroyers for bases swap with UK • 9/6/1940 - Conscription law approved FDR v. Wendell Wilkie (1940) http://learning.cc.hccs.edu/Members/cschweitzer/images/FDR.jpg http://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/abouteleanor/q-and-a/images/fdrl_wilkie.jpg The Election of 1940 HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ELECTION OF 1940: FDR BREAKS WITH TWO-TERM TRADITION A Slumbering Giant Stirs… • • • • • • 3/1941 – Lend-Lease Act passed 6/1941 –Germany attacks “friend” USSR, FDR extends Lend-Lease to USSR Mid-1941 - US freezes Japanese Assets 7/1941 – US Navy accompanies convoys to UK 8/1941 – Atlantic Charter (US, UK -later USSR) G.I. Roundtable Series From Neutrality to Undeclared War: Increased Aid to England • U.S. greatly increased military spending and began a first-ever peacetime draft • U.S. ships transported war supplies • Eventual consensus that a Nazi victory in Europe would threaten western civilization • Lend Lease • U.S. Navy told to shoot submarines on sight G.I. Roundtable Series Wartime Partnerships • U.S.-English alliance cemented by personal friendship between FDR and Churchill • Soviet Union unsatisfied with alliance • Soviet Union often perceives itself alone in conflict • Wartime tensions persist after victory Roosevelt and Churchill at Atlantic Charter Meeting, 1941 Roosevelt and Churchill at Atlantic Charter Meeting, 1941 President Franklin D. Roosevelt (left) and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (1874– 1965) confer on board a ship near Newfoundland during their summit meeting of August, 1941. During the conference, they signed the Atlantic Charter. Upon his return to Great Britain, Churchill told his advisers that Roosevelt had promised to "wage war" against Germany and do "everything" to "force an incident." (Franklin D. Roosevelt Library) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. First Blood • Fall 1941 – German U-boats sink 2 US destroyers and several merchant ships • US arms its merchant ships • Fall 1941 – US cuts off oil to Japan after Japan invades French Indochina • 11/1941 - Hideki Tojo prepares Japan for war with US • US knows Japan will strike, but not where • 12/7/1941 – Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor • 12/11/1941 – Italy and Germany declare war on US WHY DID THE U.S. WAIT TO BE ATTACKED??? Showdown in the Pacific • 1937: Japanese occupation of coastal China • U.S. limited exports to Japan of strategic materials • 1940: Japan allied with Germany, Italy • Japanese invasion of Indochina prompted U.S. to end all trade Showdown in the Pacific: Pearl Harbor 1941: U.S.–Japanese negotiations • • Japan’s demands – – Free hand in China Restoration of normal trade relations • U.S. demanded Japanese troops out of China • December 7, 1941: Pearl Harbor attacked • December 8: War declared He CAN'T Forget Pearl Harbor--Can You? He CAN'T Forget Pearl Harbor--Can You? This World War II poster encourages support for the U.S. war effort by pointing to one soldier's disabilities that resulted from Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. (Library of Congress) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. The U.S.S. West Virginia, Pearl Harbor The U.S.S. West Virginia, Pearl Harbor The stricken U.S.S. West Virginia was one of the eight battleships caught in the surprise Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor, Hawai'i, on December 7, 1941. In this photograph, sailors on a launch attempt to rescue a crew member from the water as Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. oil burns around the sinking ship. (U.S. Army) Site: Pearl Harbor Remembered http://www.captain-america.us/ww2-wallpaper.htm America at War: 1941-1945 FDR’s STRATEGY: 1. Attack Germany first: save USSR and UK 2. Attack Japan second: give ground in Pacific PROBLEM: Will America arm itself (and its Allies) in time? CONCERN: Were totalitarian warriors better than citizen-soldiers? Turning the Tide Against the Axis • December, 1941: Axis on the offensive • 1942–1943: U.S., England, Russia fought to seize the initiative • 1944–1945: Offensive to crush Axis