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Download Ch_ 29 World War II _2011_
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World War II A. The War of Movement 1. Introduction of motorized weapons promoted offensive attacks: – – – – – Germany’s blitzkrieg (“lightening war”) American & Japanese use of aircraft carriers created “theaters” of battles “total war” effort civilians thought of as “legitimate” targets B. War in Europe 1. Sept. 1st, 1939: Germany invades Poland 2. Sitzkreig (“sit down war”): lull in war (1939–40) 3. Hitler went on an offensive in March: – – invaded all of Europe controlled Spain to Russia by end of June… Operation Barbarossa C. Britain & Russia 1. Hitler lost “Battle of Britain” (1940): due to British Royal Air Force 2. 1941: Hitler launched invasion of Soviet Union – – winter weather (1941–42) Nazis defeated at Stalingrad (1943) The Bombing of Britain Summer 1940: German Luftwaffe hit London with Blitzkreig 90% of Stalingrad destroyed D. War in North Africa 1. Italian offensive in British Somaliland & Egypt – – assisted by Germans (Erwin Rommel) defeated by British at Al Alamein The “Desert Fox” E. Japanese Expansion 1. 1941: France allowed Japan to occupy Indochina 2. Economic embargo against Japanese by U.S. & Britain 3. Attack on Pearl Harbor: – Japan attacked naval base on December 7th, 1941 …“a day that will live in infamy” F. The U.S. Joins the War 1. U.S., Britain, & U.S.S.R. form the Allied forces 2. By June 1942: U.S. destroyed 4 of Japan’s 6 largest aircraft carriers The “Big Three” Joseph Stalin, F.D.R., & Winston Churchill G. End of the War 1. By 1943: Soviet Red Army pushed back Germans 2. June 1944: Operation Overlord (“D-Day”) invasion by U.S. 3. German & Japanese defeated in 1945 The Yalta Conference February 1945: Allied powers met at Yalta on the Crimean Peninsula to discuss final military strategy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Execution_of_Mussolini_(1945).ogg H. The Atomic Bomb 1. Atomic bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki in August 1945… II. The Character of Warfare A. A Different War 1. WW II: – – – – 50-70 million dead vast numbers of refugees bombing of entire cities unprecedented scale of human suffering B. War of Science Seen in: – use of synthetic rubber & radar – cryptanalysis – antibiotics – aircraft & missiles – U.S. gov’t. physicists produce A-bomb C. The Holocaust 1. Nazi killings of civilians as part of Hitler’s “Final Solution”: – calculated policy of extermination – German Jews deprived of rights (Nuremberg Laws) – forced into Jewish “ghettoes” (starvation & disease) The Jewish Ghetto “Night of the Broken Glass” (1938) D. Concentration Camps 1. Early 1942: Nazis applied modern industrial methods to slaughter Jews (i.e.: Auschwitz) 2. The Holocaust: – claimed about 6 million Jewish lives – Gypsies, Poles, homosexuals, disabled Deportations Mobile Killing Squads Main Gate of Auschwitz Terezín Liberation!