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World War II (1939-1941) Do Now : 1/26 & 1/27 Go to kahoot.it!!!!!!!! US Involvement IN WWII War Erupts!!! March 1939- Hitler breaks Munich agreement, invades rest of Czechoslovakia August 1939- Hitler signs nonaggression pact with rival USSR, turns attention west September 1, 1939“blitzkrieg” invasion of Poland; Britain and France declare war on Germany German “blitz” of Warsaw Hitler Moves in Europe April 1940- Hitler seizes Norway, Denmark May- Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg By June, Hitler controls France, turns attention to Britain Fall 1940- Battle of Britain London heavily bombed but Churchill remains defiant British Prime Minister Winston Churchill The United States and Britain 1939- Roosevelt revises Neutrality Act, allows for arms trade Public opinion divided Election of 1940- FDR wins 3rd term 1940: Destroyers for Bases Deal 1941: Lend-Lease Act The U.S. Enters the War The “destroyers for bases” deal allowed the U.S. to extend its influence August 1941- Atlantic Charter: Churchill and FDR agree to defend democracy, free trade and economic advancement The U.S. destroyer Greer attacked in September 1941 US directly involved in naval warfare USS Greer Atlantic Charter United States and Japan Japan wanted to extend influence in Far East July 1940: U.S. embargo of raw materials to Japan 1941: Lend-Lease aid to Japanese attack on China Pearl Harbor Anticipating attack in the Philippines December 7, 1941: Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii America Enters War Pearl Harbor attack devastates nation FDR: “A date which will live in infamy” December 8, 1941- FDR receives war declaration from Congress against Japan Germany, Italy declare war on United States FDR addresses Congress after Pearl Harbor attack Allied Military Strategy (1941-1945) The Participants Allied Powers -England -Soviet Union (after German attack on June 22, 1941) -France -United States Axis Powers -Italy -Germany -Japan War in Europe: Stalingrad Germany had attacked Russia and Hitler wanted Stalingrad for the oil fields Hitler would not admit defeat even though his troops were surrounded Turning Point of War In Europe because it ended any plans Hitler had for domination in Europe Battle of Britain After Germany had successfully moved through France Hitler turned his focus to Great Britain Hitler’s Luftwaffe(German Air Force) would battle the Royal Air Force (RAF) Winston Churchill (Great Britain’s leader) would stop the German offensive on the western front Allied Advances in Europe (1943-1944) January, 1943: Allies agree to fight until they win “unconditional surrender” February 1943: SU takes back Stalingrad and moves westward Same time, Allied victory in Tunisia secures Africa Operation Overlord (D-Day) Allies plan to invade German occupied France to create two-front war for Germany led by General Dwight D. Eisenhower D-Day: when Allies hit Germany on the beaches of Normandy (code name Omaha) Now Germany fought a hopeless two front war with Allies closing in on Germany…this is why Germany lost the war Allied Advancements Cont… July 10, 1943: The invasion of Italy. Fighting continues from July 1943 to June 1944 (70,000 Allied troops killed) Separate peace was signed with new Italian government in September, 1943 Unconditional Surrender in Europe (1944-1945) Britain and U.S. air raid strategic sights in Germany (Flying Fortresses) June 6, 1944: D-Day and the Allied invasion of Normandy Battle at Normandy lasted from June 6-July 24 August 25, 1944: France Germany’s Last Gasp Effort Hitler was caught between Allied troops coming from the West and Stalin’s forces coming from the East. December 1944: Battle of the Bulge – Last German offensive April 25, 1945: Russia and Allied Forces meet at the Elbe River YALTA CONFERENCE (February 1945) Plans for German surrender Stalin agrees to hold free elections and help with Japan Broken promises, USSR’s position strengthened Initiated Cold War Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin V-E Day With a loss at the Battle of the Bulge Allies forces were closing in on Germany & Hitler Ends war in Europe Internal Assessment Due Dates: B Day 2/2 A Day 2/3 Peer Review ~ Complete IA Checklist Student / Teacher Conference 1/28 & 1/29 Internal Assessment Due Dates – B Day 2/2 & A Day 2/3!!!! – IB Candidate # ~ WRITE IT DOWN!!!! DO NOW: Log onto kahoot.it!!!!!!!! GAME TIME Japanese Strategy Three Phases – Phase I: Surprise attacks, then strategic defense. Knock out US fleet; seize vital areas; establish defensive perimeter. – Phase II: Strengthen perimeter; make any offensive action by the US prohibitively costly. – Phase III: Defeat and destroy any forces that attempt to penetrate the perimeter. Long US LOC and natural strength of defense should almost guarantee success. Immediate cause of war in Pacific US wants Japan out of China Tripartite Pact Japan divided • 1940 US bans exports of scrap iron to Japan • Japan must import raw materials to sustain war (heavily dependent on US) • Germany, Italy, Japan- “New order”, come to defense • US gives loans to China, political parties eliminated in Japan • Attack USSR or South-east Asia? (Germany attacks USSR, so they go south) • Leads to US, Britain, Netherlands embargo • Japan will run out of oil= Pearl Harbor Historical debate of Japan’s responsibility Japan as aggressor Japan planned the war from 1930’s Japan’s willingness to negotiate was a plan to keep enemy off guard Aggressor- aim to conquer Asia Japanese declaration of war blamed US Japan as imperial power European style imperialism Japan didn’t plan for war, just took too many risks Japan was creating a sphere of influence (like US did in Latin America) Japan fought a defensive war- triggered by US embargoes. They had to act Allied Military Strategy in the Pacific (1941-1945) By 1942, Japan had controlled almost the entire area of the Pacific Allies were able to hold on to Hawaii and Samoa “Active defense” campaign: -Battle of the Coral Sea (May,1942) -Battle of Midway (June, 1942) -Battle of Guadalcanal (Aug. 1942-Feb. 1943) Island Hopping American strategy in the Pacific of hopping from island to island on a steady path to Japan Deadly process when Japanese kamikazes deliberately crash their planes into American ships – Like suicide bombers The Pacific Theatre Cont… The Allies took control of several islands in the Pacific under the leadership of General Douglas MacArthur -Iwo Jima (1945) -Okinawa (1945) The recapture of the Philippines was the highlight (Oct. 1944-March The Atomic Bomb Ends the War Albert Einstein split atoms and it created large amounts of energy…FDR creates the Manhattan Project (but bombs are tested in Arizona) to develop the atomic bomb for military use – led by J. Robert Oppenheimer not realizing its potential and future impact on war would be so devastating “The Alternative to Surrender is Prompt and Utter Destruction” August 6, 1945: Atomic bomb is dropped on Hiroshima (at least 75,000 killed) August 9, 1945: Atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki “The War is Over” Japan surrenders to Allied Forces on the U.S. Missouri after the second bomb was dropped on NagasakiAugust 14th– V-J Day WWII Meetings Casablanca Conference: first meeting between Allies (GB and US) to discuss war strategies Tehran Conference: 1st Big Three meeting on how to get Hitler to surrender Potsdam Conference: meeting to discuss how to punish Germany and get Japan to surrender Yalta Conference: end of war meeting on how to rebuild Europe and divide up Germany amongst Allies The Big Three Joseph Stalin for Soviet Union FDR for US, after he dies Harry Truman steps in. Winston Churchill for Britain THE COSTS OF THE WAR U.S. lost over 300,000 World suffered at least 60 million Over 25 million Russians alone died Over 10 million in death camps New fears arise after the war– fight to contain Communism– THE COLD WAR ERA!! Next Class Quiz on all of WWII – Causes & Effects Major Battle Campaigns of World War II – Homework assignment!!! Internal Assessment – Questions / Conferences – Get working – I WILL NOT ACCEPT DONE INCORRECTLY!!! – MUST BE PRINTED BEFORE CLASS!!!!!!!!!!!!! Exit Ticket What was a key victory for the Allies in Europe to stop Hitler’s advances along the eastern front? What was the US strategy in the Pacific to defeat the Japanese? What was the Yalta Conference? What was the Potsdam Conference? Manhattan Project? Why did the US choose to use the atom bomb?