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World War II: The Rise
of Dictators
World History B – Seminar #7
Warm Up:
1.Totalitarian state 2. Dictator
3. Appeasement
Totalitarian State: Government in which
a one party dictatorship regulates every
aspect of citizens’ lives.
Dictator: Ruler who has complete control
over a government
Appeasement: Policy of giving in to an
aggressor’s demands in order to keep
the peace.
After WWI
In the two decades following World War I, a wave of economic
and political crises swept the globe. While many people spent
the 1920s trying to cope with the uncertainties of the postwar
world, by 1929 they suddenly faced a much greater problem.
That year, the stock market in the United States crashed.
Because so many war-torn nations had come to depend on
financial help from America, the stock market’s collapse
triggered a worldwide economic depression that left millions
around the globe jobless and hungry. In response to the
turmoil, some nations turned to fascist dictators, who
promised order and stability. Not content to merely rule a
country, however, these dictators soon looked to conquer
other lands.
The Great Depression
Worldwide
Economic
Depression
Immediate Effects
• Millions become
unemployed worldwide.
• Businesses go bankrupt.
• Governments take
emergency measures to
protect economies.
• Citizens lose faith in
capitalism and
democracy.
• Nations turn toward
authoritarian leaders.
Long-Term Effects
• Nazis take control in
Germany.
• Fascists come to
power in other
countries.
• Democracies try social
welfare programs.
• Japan expands in East
Asia.
• World War II breaks
out.
Fascists Come to Power in Italy
Textbook: page 757
• Italy in a deep financial
depression after WWI
• Mussolini promised order and
prosperity
• Introduced “fascism”
• Fascism: characterized by
dictatorship, centralized
control of private enterprise,
repression of opposition, and
extreme nationalism
• Used “Black Shirts” to impose
his rule.
• Invades Ethiopia
• Makes a pact with Hitler
Compare Fascism and
Communism – page 760
Communism
Similarities of
Totalitarian Rule
Fascism
Compare Fascism and
Communism – page 760
Communism
• antidemocratic
• hopes for
international change
• enemies of fascism
• supported by
urban and
agricultural workers
• all businesses
state owned
Similarities of
Totalitarian Rule
Fascism
Compare Fascism and
Communism – page 760
Communism
Similarities of
Totalitarian Rule
Fascism
• antidemocratic
• antidemocratic and
• hopes for
international change
• enemies of fascism
• supported by
urban and
agricultural workers
• all businesses
state owned
nationalistic
• enemies of
communists
• supported by
business leaders,
wealthy landowners
and middle class
• all businesses
individually owned
but state controlled
Compare Fascism and
Communism – page 760
Communism
Similarities of
Totalitarian Rule
Fascism
• antidemocratic
• single party dictatorship
• antidemocratic and
• hopes for
international change
• enemies of fascism
• supported by
urban and
agricultural workers
• all businesses
state owned
• state control of the
economy
• use of police spies and
terror for control
• strict censorship and
government monopoly of
the media
• indoctrination of youth
• unquestioning obedience
to a single leader
nationalistic
• enemies of
communists
• supported by
business leaders,
wealthy landowners
and middle class
• all businesses
individually owned
but state controlled
Hitler and the Rise of Nazi
Germany – page 761
• Weimar Republic politically
weak and unpopular
• Huge inflation
• Two revolutions against
Weimar Republic. Once Hitler
tried to seize power
unsuccessfully. Went to jail.
• Huge inflation and Great
Depression
• Hitler forms Nazi Party,
promises reform, is elected
as Chancellor in 1933
• Becomes dictator by 1934
Hitler’s Third Reich
• Totalitarian State – Nazis controlled all.
• Huge public works programs
• Big business and labor under government
control
• Built up military
• Set aside Versailles Treaty and moved military
into the Rhineland
• Indoctrinated the youth
• Hitler despised Christianity and began to
close churches
• Jews were persecuted as enemies of the state
Hitler’s Aggression to 1939
page 773
Events of World War II
Europe
March 1936
Hitler marches troops into
the Rhineland
April 1937
Germany attacks
Guernica, Spain
March 1938
Germany invades Austria
September 1938
Germany invades
the Sudetenland
Pacific
1936
1937
1938
Events of World War II
Europe
March 1939
Germany invades Czechoslovakia
Pacific
1939
Aug. 1939
Nonaggression pact between
Germany and the Soviet Union
Sept. 1939
Germany invades
Poland; World War II
begins
May 1940
Evacuation of British forces at
Dunkirk
June 1940
France
surrenders; the
Battle of Britain
begins
1940
1941
December 1941
Japan attacks Pearl
Harbor. US declares war
on Japan.
Europe at WAR
The Alliance System in 1942
Allied Powers
• Great Britain
• France
• Russia
• United States
Axis Powers
 Germany
 Italy
 Japan
 Ottoman Empire
WWII Begins
World War II began in Europe with the German blitzkrieg,
or lightning war, against Poland in September of 1939.
By June of 1940, Germany had conquered most of
western Europe. In June of 1941, Germany invaded the
Soviet Union. On December 7, 1941, Germany’s ally,
Japan, launched a surprise attack on the United
States—an act that drew America into the war.
Eventually, the Allies turned the tide of the conflict
against Germany and Japan.
In the Pacific, Allied forces won a major victory in the
Battle of Midway and began to recapture territory from
the Japanese. In Europe, the Soviet Union captured the
German army that besieged Stalingrad in February of
1943. The Allies opened a western front in Europe by
landing in Normandy in June of 1944, and the combined
pressure on two fronts drove Germany to surrender in
May of 1945. Two atomic bombs dropped on Japan in
August forced the Japanese to surrender in September
of 1945.
The War in the Pacific
• Late 1930s – Japan
attacks China for oil
resources and territory
• 1940 – Japan conquers
French Indochina and
continues takeover of
Pacific Islands.
• December, 1941 – Japan
attacks Pearl Harbor.
• US enters the war.
Events of World War II
Pacific
Europe
1941
June 1941
Germany invades the Soviet
Union
Aug. 1942
Hitler orders attack on
Stalingrad
Nov. 1942
Allies land in North Africa
Feb. 1943
Germans surrender at
Stalingrad
1942
Dec. 1941
Japanese attack Pearl Harbor;
U.S. declares war on Japan
Apr. 1942
Allies surrender in
Philippines; Bataan Death
March begins
May 1942
Allies turn back Japanese
fleet in Battle of the Coral Sea
1943
June 1942
Allies defeat Japan in Battle
of Midway
Feb. 1943
Japanese abandon the island
of Guadalcanal
Events of World War II
Pacific
Europe
1944
June 1944
Allies invade Europe on D-Day
Dec. 1944
Battle of the Bulge begins
1945
May 1945
Germany surrenders
1946
Oct. 1944
Allies defeat Japan in Battle of
Leyte
Mar. 1945
Allies capture Iwo Jima
June 1945
Allies capture
Okinawa
Aug. 1945
Atomic bombs
dropped on
Hiroshima and
Nagasaki
Sep. 1945
Japan surrenders
• Jewish Women and Children in Belsen Concentration Camp
During the advance of the 2nd Army, the huge concentration camp at
Belsen was relieved. Some 60,000 civilians, mostly suffering from
typhus, typhoid, and dysentry were dying in their hundreds daily,
despite the frantic efforts being made by medical services rushed to
the camp. The camp was declared a neutral area before allies
arrived, and the allied Military Government stood to reach the camp
at the earliest possible moment, only to be faced by the most
indescribable scenes--60,000 people starving and without water for
over six days. The camp was littered with the dead and dying, and
on closer investigation, it was discovered that the huts capable of
housing about 30 people in many cases were holding as many as
500. It was impossible to estimate the number of dead among them.
The others were too weak to remove the bodies, so they just had to
remain.
The Final Solution
Hiroshima and Nagasaki