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World War II European Theater Prelude & November 1942-May 1945 GERMAN EUROPE – 1933 EXPANSION Apr 1941. Germany invaded Greece and then Yugoslavia Oct Italy attempted to invade Greece 20-31 May 1941. Germany seized Crete 7Sep Dec 1942. Pearl Harbor attacked by the Japanese. US declares war on the Axis Powers. Mar 1936 – Germany occupied the Rhineland June. Germans invaded Norway 10 May 1940 – The Germans invaded the Netherlands and Belgium. 1938 –1940. was annexed the Third Reich 22 Jun Jun ––German The Dec Battle 1941. of Germany France ends. attacked France the Soviet surrenders. Union Jul 922 Apr – Oct –Austria 1940. Battle forces of occupied Britain. The Denmark Germans failed 1939 Germany invaded Poland. Soviets then invade eastern Poland. Apr 1939. Similarly, Italy invaded Albania Germany, Sep 27 Oct Sep 1939-Apr 1938 1939 1940. Italy, Munich The 1940. Japan. Axis Agreement Germany seized Powers Later Czechoslovakia -by Hungary, built formally up forces came Romania, (Slovak to into invade and being Republic) Bulgaria France 1933 The Nazi Party came to power (the Third Reich forms) NORTH AFRICA AND ITALY July-Nov 43: After two failed offensives (Stalingrad in 1942 andconquer Kursk in July 1943), 16 Sep 815th Oct 43: The British 8th Army and the US 5th Army to 3 Sep 43: British 8th Army successfully invaded the ‘toe’ ofmoved Italy as a 10 Jul –– 17 Aug 43: US 7th Army and British 8th Army Sicily 10 Jul 43: Army Group, US 7th Army (Patton) and British 8th Army (Montgomery) invade Feb –Nov May 1943: Battle of Kasserine Pass. Initially a defeat for the Americans, but Nov 1942: The allies advanced toward Tunisia but the Germans halt the advance 10 1942: Germans occupied Southern France and Corsica 8 Nov 1942: Allied Command attacked North Africa to assist the British 8th Army the Soviet Union begun the 1st of their major offensives to push the Germans back Sicily. 505th Parachute Regt (82nd Airborne Division) British Airborne Division the Gustav line and the Germans withdrew to1stand held thethe Gustav line diversion. Just prior to the invasion, Italy and surrendered to Allies.assist the8th Army arrived and the Germans surrendered. to Germany. Montgomery 515th Army Grp Clark Alexander Western Task Force Center Task Force Eastern Task Force 1th Abn Div 7 1 8 Montgomery Patton 15th Army Grp Alexander INVASION OF EUROPE 6 Jan JunFeb 44 11 16-19 May–4 June Jan-Apr 44 22 Jun-Oct 1944 19-25 4444 24 Dec 1943 Fall 1943 Feb 44 Operation Overlord 3 The Offensive. 15th AG Bomber Montgomery named US Army Air is Force After the fall ofUS Airborne Divisions conducted another orients on the AG thethe 21st AG conducted Strategic The 15th AG finally Soviet Spring The Germans counterRome, 15th landed in Normandy major amphibious destruction ofUS the commander (the US Bombing of German attacked the broke the Gustav pushed the frees inOffensive the early hours toVI landing with the US German aircraft 1st Army and the industry and beachhead, and Line. The 5th Army Germans into north protect the flanks of Leningrad from Corps at Anzio. The industry. Allied air British 2nd Army). resources. Raids almost pushed them the amphibious linked up with the Italy. The opposing drive by the US 5th superiority was Final preparations for consist of large, it’s two year back to the sea, but sites. German VI Corps at Anzio forces settled into Army (to link up with assured. The Germans the invasion of 1000+ bombers deep ultimately failed. Anzioa siege and reinforcements VI Corps) failed again can now only defend Europe(Operation and entered Rome into enemy territory. static line for the now turned into a prevented from pushes into the towinter/spring break the Gustav their most critical Overlord) began. on 4 June. siege until May. of arriving at the line. industrial locations. Ukraine. 44/45. beachheads. 8 21th Army Grp Montgomery 1 2 15th Army Grp Alexander 5 Clark 815Montgomery 15th Army Grp Alexander BREAKOUT 8 21th Army Grp Montgomery 2 1 21th Army Grp Montgomery 9 2 1 9 112th Army Grp Bradley 3 12th Army Grp Bradley 6th Army Grp Devers 1 7 17-20 Sep 44 25 Aug –15 15 Sep 44 Aug Dec 44 Nov 8 –– Dec 44 17 Sep 44 1-25 Aug 44 Jun-Aug 44Effort to the 12 15 Aug 44 Eisenhower shifted the Main 25 Jul 1944 1 Aug 44 British Corps attack to link up with of thethe Eisenhower takes over direct control AG. Both thebreakout, 3rd and 7th Armies attacked to Soviet offensive to clear the Balkans. With this the US 12th Army 101st, 82nd, and 1st British Airborne Patton’s 3rd Army poured in and attacked in two Airborne (ABN) units and cross the captured ground battleCobra. from Montgomery and the 21st the German “West Wall”. The 9th Army, Operation The US 8th and 9th Air The Soviets crush the German Army Operation Anvil (Dragoon) –(Hodges), US 7th directions –The Brittany and the1st Seine River. The German Romania and Bulgaria surrender and Group (Bradley), US Army divisions are dropped to capture aa bridges. British Corps are finally stopped and 12th Army Groups attacked along a ‘Broad initially paced between 1st and 3rd Armies, forces (strategic and tactical) conducted 7th and 5th Panzer Armies are almost cut off but Group Center and reach the outskirts of Army landed in Southern France in join the Allies. and US 3rd Army (Patton) formed. after they link up12 with the US were 82nd ABN just series of bridges located between Front’ toward the Rhine River. The 9th Army was moved toa‘carpet the AG’s northern boundary. concentrated bombing’ mission which escaped with large portion of their men (but not Warsaw. support of the attack in short ofanticipating the British 1st ABN atNormandy. Arnhem. Only Arnhem and the British front lines. clears the rest ofFalaise Brittany. 21st AG’s attempt to equipment) at the the Gap when the Canadian 1st Bradley, a future transfer ofUS forces assisted in breakout attack of the 1st 2,200 of that surrounded division escaped Army failed to rapidly linkthe up with the US 3rd Army. rapidly cross man rivers/canals in the to Montgomery, made shift as he did not Army through the very difficult countryside. Paris was liberated on 25 August. back to British lines. Netherlands. want to lose his veteran Army. 5 8 15th Army Grp Alexander Clark 15 BATTLE OF THE BULGE AND THE FINAL GERMAN DEFEAT 8 1 21th Army Grp Montgomery 12th Army Grp 2 1 9 1 Bradley 3 7 6th Army Grp Devers 1 Ardennes Offensive 22 Feb 15-24 22 & –23 26 Dec –21 76March 28 March 20-21 Dec –March 7Feb May 44 45 Jan –– Apr 45 15 Apr May (Operation Watch on the Rhine) The Germans Soviets attacked into Eastern Rhineland All Army Groups massed the 6th SS Panzer, 5th and 7th Battle ofCampaign. the Bulge (1) –Panzer Germany Battle of the Bulge (2) 3rd Attack Army displaced and occupation from its ofOder front The Soviets pushed to the pushed forward to Germany and captured Berlin. Armies for a final counter-attack against the attacked and created aattack ‘bulge’ in The USand 3rd and British Armies lines Germany. reoriented The German to2nd Army into river in the north, followed by the Rhine River. By chance, 1st Western Allies. Hitler planned tothe splitUS the US the allied line. As the and 9th conducted river crossings of the the 12th and 21st AGs pushed the Group the B southern (Model) is portion captured of the in still the from the British atcapture the lightest defended attacks in Hungry anda1st Austria in Army was able to bridge Hitler committed suicide on 30 portion of American line – the Ardennes Armies are cut off from the 12th Rhine. intact onthe 7 March at Remagen and Germans back to their starting Rhur Pocket. The ‘bulge’. 15th AG made a the south. (the same location that they concentrated their AGApril (due totothe ‘bulge’) created an unexpected bridgehead on and the Germans line. final push capture thecommand rest of panzer forces to defeat the French in 1940). the east side of the Rhine River. (The of these two armies to coast the surrendered on 7shift May. Italy Patton and the began US 5th his and attack 7th Armies 221st This attack would then continue to on the Army wasthe returned to 12 AG the and capture critical supply portafter of Antwerp. 21st AG. linked December. up on 4 May. Battle of the Bulge) This would become known as the Battle of the Bulge. 5 8 15th Army Grp Clark 15 Post War Occupation of Germany: US Sector British Sector Soviet Sector French Sector All 4 Powers divide Berlin