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Download WW 2 IMPORTANT EVENTS NOTES
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Bellwork • On the “Important Events of World War II” chart, fill in as many blanks as you can from yesterday’s class/lesson • You should be able to fill in the information for the appeasement of Hitler and the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact Appeasement of Hitler What is appeasement? Appeasement = giving into an aggressor in order to avoid a conflict •Hitler mobilized German forces even though the Treaty of Versailles forbade it •Hitler went into: •the Rhineland Nobody stopped him •Austria (the Anschluss) •the Sudetenland •Great Britain & France appeased Hitler in order to avoid fighting another war at the Munich Conference Adolf Hitler was becoming more powerful (militarily and politically). The military build-up was easing Germany’s economic problems and the violation of the Treaty of Versailles was making Hitler more and more popular amongst the Germans If no one was going to stop Hitler, why wouldn’t he keep going??? Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact Adolf Hitler and Josef Stalin made an agreement to 1.) not fight each other 2.) divide Poland between the 2 countries Neither leader trusted the other but each had reasons for entering into the agreement Made plans for the invasion of Poland which would be the immediate cause of World War II Invasion of Poland • September 1, 1939—Germany moved its troops into Poland • Britain and France could not allow such an aggressive action against defenseless Poland World War II begins… Battle of Britain • Hitler ordered Operation Sea Lion—the invasion of Great Britain—but he wanted to weaken Britain first with a massive attack by air (using the German Luftwaffe) • The city of London was bombed for 57 nights straight Hitler was never able to successfully take over Great Britain…the British people held strong and proved that the terror bombings of the mighty Luftwaffe would not work on a determined nation like Great Britain Attack on Pearl Harbor • In response to an American embargo on Japanese oil, General Tojo ordered the surprise attack on the American Pacific fleet stationed at Pearl Harbor • On December 7, 1941—“a date which will live in infamy”—more than 2,400 Americans were killed American President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan in retaliation for the attack on Pearl Harbor…they did so on December 8, 1941. The U. S. was now involved in World War II Operation Barbarossa • Hitler’s attempt to conquer the Soviet Union; Hitler wanted lebensraum (“living space” for Germans) and natural resources • Hitler’s forces moved quickly while Russians used the scorched-earth policy (they burned everything as they retreated) • Eventually, Russian winter set in and, like Napoleon of France, Hitler’s attack was stalled and many German soldiers died of the cold Adolf Hitler’s offensive was stopped and the Russians would eventually begin to push back at the Axis advances D-Day • Germany had overrun all of continental Europe and had pushed the French out of their own country • Allied powers needed a foothold in Europe if they hoped to push the German’s back • Led by General Eisenhower, the Allied forces stormed the beaches of Normandy, France The Allies were successful in taking the beaches at Normandy but they suffered heavy casualties German forces were pushed back and the Allies gained the foothold that they needed to fight the Axis Powers #29—D-Day Allied Powers gain a foothold on continental Europe and begin to push the Axis Powers back on the Western Front El Alamein (Africa) • Battle that took place in Northern Africa—pitted the Allied forces against the German general Rommel (the “Desert Fox”) Axis forces were pushed back in Northern Africa and the Allies win major victories in Africa #22—Battle of El Alamein Invasion of Italy • Using their victories in Northern Africa, the Allied forces continued on to Sicily and up the boot of Italy Italian forces were pushed back and, after a month of fighting, Italians signed an armistice but Hitler sent reinforcements to help his ally—this forces Germany to fight on 3 fronts #22—Battle of El Alamein Allied forces had pushed the Axis Powers across Northern Africa…now the Allied forces could launch attacks on a newly created Southern front Battle of Stalingrad • German forces surrounded the city of Stalingrad…Russians then encircled the Germans • Fierce fighting continued in Stalingrad with house-to-house combat Once the Germans were forced to surrender, the Red Army (Russian forces) went on the attack * Russians struck out against Germany when Hitler showed a weakness #21—Battle of stalingrad Soviet/Allied forces begin to push back against Axis control after the battle of stalingrad Allied Forces open three fronts against the only remaining european axis country…germany * The tide of World war II changes and the allies are victorious in World war II May 8, 1945 VE-Day V-E = Victory in Europe • Axis Powers were beginning to lose their stronghold over Europe • By April 1945, Mussolini was killed and Hitler committed suicide • The war in the European arena was over…now they had to deal with the horrors left behind by years of warfare Island Hopping • Goal: to get to mainland Japan with minimal casualties—fight for certain islands while bypassing others • The Allied forces faced difficult battles on islands such as Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Midway, etc. August 6th & 9th, 1945 • Two atomic bombs were dropped on major Japanese cities (Hiroshima & Nagaski) • Japan surrendered to Allied forces – Countless deaths related to the atomic bomb September 2, 1945 • Japan signed a peace treaty to end WWII…. • WWII is responsible for 75 million deaths and now the question is how to achieve world peace