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Download rise of dictators - Nutley Public School District
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RISE OF DICTATORS DICTATORS Dictator - a leader who rules a country with absolute power, usually by force Dictators are usually able to take power in countries that are suffering economically and socially The conditions in The Soviet Union, Germany and Italy made it easy for these dictators to assume power Joseph Stalin Stalin’s Rise to Power Originally studied for the priesthood Became a follower of Lenin ◦ Stalin was imprisoned several times and sent to Siberia Did not play a major role in the Bolshevik Revolution ◦ 1923 he became the General Secretary of the Party 1924: Lenin died ◦ power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky Rise to Power cont. Both had different views on the Future of Communism ◦ Trotsky - worldwide revolution ◦ Stalin - Build Socialism at home Lenin had doubted Stalin as a successor ◦ Wanted someone “more tolerant & loyal” 1929:became an absolute dictator ◦ Trotsky was forced to flee the country The Five Year Plan Wanted the SU to become a modern industrial power ◦ build industry, improve transportation, and increase farm output Developed a Command Economy - government officials controlled all economic decisions ◦ Government owned all business & distributed money Under command economy SU was successful with heavy industry but failed to produce competitive consumer goods ◦ EX: clothing, cars and appliances The Five Year Plan cont. Stalin brought agriculture under government control ◦ Forced peasants to work on collectives Collectives: were large farms owned and operated by groups of peasants Allowed to keep their houses but all animals and machinery were turned over to the collective Ukraine Famine Peasants resisted the plan by killing farm animals, destroying tools and burning crops The government responded with brutal force Angry peasants often grew only enough food to feed themselves Stalin responded by seizing the grain and leaving the peasants to starve Famine spread across the SU and over 8 million Ukrainians died Over the years the situation did not improve much The Great Purge Always fearful of rival party members plotting against him 1934: launched the Great Purge In his reign of terror, Stalin and his Secret Police cracked down on old Bolsheviks They were charged with a wide variety of crimes ◦ Plotting to overthrow Stalin to not meeting production quotas Show Trials Public trials where people were forced to confess to crimes against the Stalin regime Executed publicly and other were sent to the Gulag - a series of forced labor camps throughout the USSR but mainly in Siberia Increased Stalin’s power as old revolutionary member were replaced with young members loyal to Stalin and fearful of his wrath Stalin Cult of Personality - propaganda used by Stalin to make himself godlike Much of the art depicting Stalin make him look strong and powerful Religion was banned and replaced by communist icons like Lenin and Stalin Cult of Personality Homework How did Communism develop under Lenin & Stalin? What were the effects of the 5 year plans? Why did Stalin launch the Great Purge? How did Stalin create a totalitarian state? Benito Mussolini Fascism Strong Military Blind Loyalty To the leader State controlled economy Fascism Use of Violence and Terror Use of Censorship & Propaganda Extreme Nationalism What is Fascism? It was a term used by Mussolini rooted in extreme nationalism It glorified violence, discipline and blind loyalty to the state It is anti-democratic and communist Rise of Mussolini Italy after World War I: ◦ Italy was in economic chaos and political corruption Men could not find work Trade was slow Taxes were high (to pay for the war) Inspired by the revolution in Russia ◦ Peasants took land, workers went on strike and took over factories Government split into warring factions Rise of Mussolini Mussolini took advantage of the unrest and stepped in to fix the crisis ◦ Organized the veterans & others unhappy with the conditions in Italy into the Fascist Party 1919 The Rise of Mussolini Mussolini promised ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ To end unemployment Gain more land for Italy Outlaw communism Stop workers from striking ◦ Strengthen Italy’s military Rise in Power Mussolini organized The “Black Shirts” ◦ Pro- violent change Through intimidation & terror – gangs got rid of elected officials in Italy Rise to Power 1922: Mussolini organized a march on Rome to demand gov’t changes King Emanuel III-feared a civil war ◦ Asked Mussolini to form a gov’t as Prime Minister Once in power he ended: ◦ Free elections ◦ Free speech ◦ Free press Takes the title “Il Duce” In Power Mussolini ran Italy like a dictatorship upheld by terror Critics were thrown in prison, exiled or killed Secret police and propaganda supported the regime He preserved capitalism but much of the economy was under gov’t control Social Policies Fascist Italy: the individual was only important as a member of the state Men were urged to be warriors for Italy Women were pushed out of the workforce and told to focus on being mothers Fascist youth groups: Children were molded to obey strict military discipline Mussolini At first he was received in both Italy and around the world Once his policy changed toward foreign conquest other nations lost support of him Italy’s failure in WWII and the fact that his people saw him as a pawn of Hitler lead to his demise He was captured and publicly executed ADOLF HITLER Germany After WWI Germany was in turmoil after the war Lost land, the money was worthless, and the military destroyed Weimar Republic ◦ Created in 1919 ◦ Set up a parliamentary system led by a Chancellor Rise of Hitler Germany needed a leader who could fix the economic problems & restore pride Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party promised to fix Germany Appealed to: ◦ Unemployed ◦ Young people ◦ Lower middle class The Rise of Hitler World War I Germany has to pay large war debt. Germany loses her colonies. Weak Government Economic Problems Nazi’s Promise Kaiser steps down Inflation Jobs Weimar Rep. fails to end inflation Depression A new German super race Unemployment Germany is bitter over blame for World War I. Reduced military. Weimar Rep. signs the Treaty of Versailles which angers many Germans Rebuild the military Get back lost land Make Germany proud Hitler Hitler had served in the military during the war In 1919 he joined the Nazi Party and became its leader in a year 1923 he tried to seize power; he failed and ended up in jail While in jail he wrote Mein Kampf which became the Nazi’s book of goals and ideology Rise of Hitler Once out of jail he gained a loyal following of veterans and lower middle class Germans He promised them jobs and that he would rearm the military Hitler was elected as Chancellor of Germany in 1933; he was supported by conservatives that feared communism Hitler’s Third Reich He removed all socialist and communists, suspended civil rights and made Germany a single party state He predicted his Third Reich would rule Germany for 1000 years He created a totalitarian state The Fuhrer’s rules were enforced by a brutal system of terror and repression The SS troops were the main enforcers The Gestapo - his secret police, removed all of his opposition The Third Reich To help Germany recover economically Hitler launched a huge public works campaign ◦ The autobahn He violated the Treaty of Versailles by rearming the nation but this created jobs Capitalism was kept but big businesses and labor were brought under gov’t control Society Under Hitler Men were to be strong and fight for their country Women were to produce as many “pure” children as possible; were rewarded Children were trained to be loyal Germans and to destroy all enemies Society Under Hitler Ends Civil Rights Murders political enemies Uses propaganda, art and education to promote him and the Nazi party Propaganda Hitler Able to rebuild Germany in under 10 years Tried to expand the German Empire Nazi foreign aggression set the stage for WWII Regimes Mussolini built a model for Hitler and Stalin All three regimes were different but had several things in common ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Single party dictatorship Use of terror to enforce policy Government control of the economy Strict media censorship
