Download Fascism - Haiku Learning


Objective: Summarize political, social,
and economic reasons for why
European nations turned to fascist and
totalitarian leaders.

Bell Work #7: Interact with History-Who
Would You Vote For?
Unit 15: World War II
Friday 4/25: Fascist and Communist
Leaders in Europe

Weimar Republic: the republic that was
established in Germany in 1919 and ended in
1933

In Germany, the Weimar Republic was weak
from the start.

Germany lacks strong democratic traditions;
postwar many political parties; blamed Weimar
gov’t, not wartime leaders, for military defeat and
humiliation at Versailles
Unit 15: World War II
Europe after the War:

Postwar Germany suffered from severe
economic inflation.

German gov’t printed money for war
expenses and reparations, devalued
money causing loss of savings
Unit 15: World War II
Europe after the War:
Unit 15: World War II
Thousand Mark banknote with a One
Millard (1 Billion Mark) Stamp
Duetsch Mark
1 Millard=1 billion marks
Unit 15: World War II
1st November 1923,
1 pound of bread cost 3 milliard
1 pound of meat: 36 milliard
1 glass of beer: 4 milliard

Fascism: political movement that
promotes an extreme form of
nationalism, a denial of individual rights
and a dictatorial one-party rule

Italy: Benito Mussolini
Germany: Adolf Hitler
Spain: Francisco Franco

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Unit 15: World War II
Fascism Rises in Europe
Nazism:


the fascist politics of the National Socialist
German Worker’s Party (NSDAP) based on
totalitarianism, the belief in racial
superiority and state control of the
industry
Nationalsozialistische Deutsche
Arbeiterpartei
Unit 15: World War II

No
clearly defined
program or theory
Extreme form of
nationalism
States must
struggle—peaceful
countries would be
conquered
Each class has a
function
Made up of upper
and middle class
Anti-Communist
Both
Communism
Unit 15: World War II
Fascism
No
clearly defined
program or theory
Extreme form of
nationalism
States must
struggle—peaceful
countries would be
conquered
Each class has a
function
Made up of upper
and middle class
Anti-Communist
Both
Communism
Struggle
is between
owners and workers
Classless society
Dictatorship of the
working class
Internationalists
hoping to unite
workers worldwide
Workers/Peasants
Unit 15: World War II
Fascism
Extreme
Both
Communism
form of Both ruled by a
Struggle is
nationalism
dictator
between owners
and workers
States must
One-Party state
struggle—
Denied individual Classless society
peaceful countries rights
Dictatorship of
would be
the working class
State supremacy
conquered
hoping to unite
No democracy
Each class has a
workers worldwide
function
Workers/Peasants
Made up of
upper and middle
class
Anti-Communist
Unit 15: World War II
Fascism

First Fascist followers were
nationalists and soldiers from
WWI; eventually, aristocrats
and the middle class join in

Interested in stopping
communism and the rise of
the working class
Unit 15: World War II
Benito Mussolini’s
Rise to Power in Italy

Mussolini and his followers (known as
Black Shirts) intimidated opposing
groups and eventually marched on
Rome

Convinced the King to step down from
power and allow Mussolini to rule

Set up himself as a dictator
Unit 15: World War II
Benito Mussolini’s
Rise to Power in Italy

In 1919 following World War I, Germany
became a republic with a constitution

German people were unhappy with the Weimar
Republic because the government agreed to the
Treaty of Versailles which ruined Germany


Also severe economic troubles
Many groups tried to overthrown the
government and support moved to the Nazi
Party
Unit 15: World War II
Germany: The Weimar Republic

National Socialist German Worker’s
Party: Nazi Party


Extremely nationalistic, anti-Communist
and anti-Semitic
Hitler became head of Nazi Party by
1921 and wrote Mein Kampf (My
Struggle) while in jail showing his beliefs
of racial purity and elimination of all
Jews
Unit 15: World War II
The Nazis and Hitler

Speeches attracted many listeners

Promised to repeal the Treaty of Versailles
and restore Germany’s military power
Unit 15: World War II
The Nazis and Hitler

Nazis in Power





Gained power through elections
Used private Nazi army to frighten
members of the government who were
not Nazis
Hitler gains title of Der Führer meaning
“the leader”
Gave Gestapo (secret police) power
Created Ghettos for the Jews
Unit 15: World War II
The Nazis and Hitler

Vladimir Lenin: rules Russia until 1924


New Economic Policy: Lenin’s policy to
deal with the economic collapse in Russia
that allowed some free trade
Josef Stalin gains power following
Lenin’s death
Unit 15: World War II
Dictatorship in the Soviet Union

Stalin sets up a command economy where the
government controls all economic decisions

Changes to the Economy:



Collective Farms: land is taken over by the state so the
people don’t own the land they work
Creates Five Year Plans for economic growth
Tries to turn agricultural economy into a modern,
industrialized economy
Unit 15: World War II
Dictatorship in the Soviet Union



Stalin’s dictatorship grows harsh over
time
Purge: a large-scale elimination of people
from an organization or area
Great Purge of millions of “traitors” to
Russia are executed or exiled to work
camps in Siberia

Sentenced because they were not loyal to
Stalin above the Communist Party and other
ideas
Unit 15: World War II
Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
Their system of
government
The country
Main ideas and
beliefs
How the people
respond to
their ideas
Mussolini
Hitler
Stalin
Fascism
Fascism
Communism
(Stalinism)
Italy
Germany
Russia
Restore military,
protect from
Communists
Restore Germany’s
power;
anti-Communist;
anti-Semitist
No Classes;
Government in
charge of
everything
Upper classes join
in against
government and
lower classes
Large parts of
society join in to
fight against
Weimar gov’t and
restore Germany
Some support Party
lines but many go
against or object;
Purges eliminate
dissention
Unit 15: World War II
Comparison of Fascist and Totalitarian Leaders