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WORLD WAR II Definitions Alliance – union or association of nations that is set up to further the common interests of its members Appeasement – policy of giving in to the demands of a hostile power to avoid conflict and maintain peace Democracy – government’s power and authority rest with the people. People express their power through voting Fascism – political philosophy that calls for the glorification of the nation above the individual – includes the use of force against opposition Propaganda – media that supports the spread of ideas for the purpose of helping or damaging a cause Totalitarianism – government that has total control of society. Power rest in the hands of a few people Germany Faces Economic Collapse A Troubled Germany Treaty of Versailles Economic unrest Political Instability Weimar Republic US Response Isolationism War Debt Repayment Dawes Plan Rise of Adolf Hitler Hitler’s Early Years Hitler and the Nazi Party Beer Hall Putsch Mein Kampf Aryan Race - Hitler Becomes Dictator Anti-Semitic Policies Nuremburg Laws 1935 Kristallnacht – Night of the Broken Glass Hitler’s Policies US Response Focus on domestic concerns Security through disarmament Hitler Describes the Jews 'The struggle between the people and the hatred amongst them is being nurtured by very specific interested parties. It is a small, rootless, international clique that is turning the people against each other, that does not want them to have peace ... It is the people who are at home both nowhere and everywhere, who do not have anywhere a soil on which they have grown up, but who live in Berlin today, in Brussels tomorrow, Paris the day after that, and then again in Prague or Vienna or London, and who feel at home everywhere. [Man in audience shouts 'The Jews!'] They are the only ones who can be addressed as international, because they conduct their business everywhere, but the people cannot follow them.' Fascism in Italy Turmoil Same as rest of the world Cheated by the Treaty of Versailles Depression Mussolini and Fascism Why would Fascism appeal to anyone? Order and control during chaos Promise to revive the Roman Empire Private Property Rise to Power Italian Imperialism US Response Neutrality Acts Moral Embargo Spanish Civil War Spanish Civil War Francisco Franco and the Nationalist Party Hitler and Muss helped out Rome-Berlin Axis Military Alliance US Response Neutrality is tested Rise of Militarism in Japan Militarism in Japan Depression and second rate reputation led to Military Leaders gaining power Japanese Imperialism Attacked Manchuria 1931 Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis Shanghai 1937 US Response Words w/o Deeds Quarantine Speech The Rape of Nanking Violation and Appeasement Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles Reoccupies the Rhineland on the French Border The Sudetenland 3 million Germans lived in the West Border of Czechoslovakia The Munich Agreement Appeasement of Hitler US Response Negotiation and appeasement Invasion of Czechoslovakia Hitler Invades Goes against Munich promise Made demands of Poland Wanted Danzig and Polish Corridor Nazi Soviet Pact Non-aggression pact of Hitler and Stalin Secret plan to divide Poland Plan to Invade Poland US Response Pressing for Peace Planning for War World War II Begins Invasion of Poland September 1, 1939 Blitzkrieg US RESPONSE Neutrality Questioned Cash and Carry Plan American Public Opinion Homework Design a statue or monument to commemorate one of the key battles of World War II. Write a Plaque for the monument that explains the significance of your chosen event and at least three historical facts, names or details related to the event. BATTLE OF IWO JIMA Significance Historical fact #1 Historical fact #2 Historical Fact #3 FALL OF FRANCE French Maginot Line Belgium Corridor France falls in 6 weeks US Supports Great Britain Britain is Isolated France goes down early Britain was lone power with ability to stop AXIS Atlantic Charter Winston Churchill – New Prime Minister of Britain FDR and Churchill Met Seek no territory Support self-rule US Response Lend-Lease Act – March 1941 Arsenal of Democracy Garden Hose Germany Attacks US Destroyers A Date Which Will Live in Infamy Drawing found on a Val shot down during the attack. Translated, it says, "Hear! The voice of the moment of death. Wake up you fools." A Date Which Will Live in Infamy Japanese Aggression China, French Indochina, Dutch East Indies, British Malaya Japan needed Oil, Rubber, Food US Response Cancelled commercial treaty w/Japan Stopped exporting gasoline and scrap metal December 7, 1941 US Response Declaration of War PROPAGANDA The United States Goes to War North Africa and Italy North Africa British General Montgomery defeated German Field Marshall Erwin Rommel (Desert Fox) at el Alamein Sicily and Italy D-DAY Amphibious Attack in Northern France June 6, 1944 Operation Overlord D-Day = Designated Day Largest Invasion force ever assembled – 2 million troops First waves experienced high casualty rates Liberated Paris and Belgium Battle of the Bulge December 1944 Nazi Troops squeezed between Soviets and Allies Hitler launched a surprise offensive in a weakened part of the line Created a “bulge” in the front line Allied Victory in Europe After “Bulge”, allies closed in on Berlin Allies met at Yalta to discuss terms of German surrender Berlin ended up under Soviet Control Hitler Committed Suicide VE Day – Victory in Europe Discovery of the death camps US Strategy in the Pacific Pearl Harbor Launched the Pacific War American stronghold in the Philippines was lost MacArthur – “I shall return” Bataan Death March Island Hopping Campaign Doolittle (Tokyo) Raids Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle Turning Point in the Pacific Establish control over skies and waters of the Pacific Battle of the Coral Sea – 1st major battle in Pacific Battle of Midway June 1942 Turning point in the Pacific Kamikazes KAMIKAZES Japanese suicide squadrons, known as Kamikaze, flew aircraft loaded with explosives directly into U.S. naval vessels, killing themselves in an effort to stop the American advance. Altogether, they sank about 40 ships Battle of Iwo Jima and Okinawa US Island hopped their way through the Pacific Dangers other than battle Monsoons, malaria, heat, earthquakes, jungle conditions Iwo Jima US losses 6800 killed 23,000 wounded Okinawa Costliest engagement 50,000 casualties Gave U.S. strong positions to launch air strikes The End of the War Bombing of Japan Blockade of Japan Kamikazes Manhattan Project A-Bomb Attacks VJ Day August 14, 1945 Casualties Manhattan Project Key Players Albert Einstein Enrico Fermi J. Robert Oppenheimer The Decision to drop the Bomb August 6, 1945 Hiroshima August 9, 1945 Nagasaki August 14, 1945 Surrender of Japan Effects of the War Holocaust Nuremburg Trials Japanese War Criminals Death Destruction Homefront Japanese Internment Camps Wartime Economy Women and Minorities