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Building up to WWII 1920s ► Worldwide depression – period of rising unemployment and low economic activity Totalitarianism ► Rising dictators claimed that they could solve the problems of the depression by setting up totalitarian government – absolute power, the state controls every area of life Video!! ► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsGdCk KoM5s&safe=active Italy ► Economic unrest after WWI – strikes/ fear of Communists taking over ► Benito Mussolini – first person to set up a totalitarian government ► used Treaty of Versailles and Italy’s economic problems to gain power ► Founded the Fascist party using the fears of the middle class Rise of Fascism Totalitarian government that is not Communist Leader = dictator – has complete control over government ► State is more important than individuals = strong central government that controls: 1. Economy 2. How owners run business and land 3. Mass media (newspapers, radios, movies – censored) 4. Propaganda – used to brainwash people into believing what gov. says ► ► Soviet Union ► Joseph Stalin came to power in late 1920s ► Wanted the Soviet Union to become an industrial nation ► Focused industry on making steal, machines, weapons, farm and transportation equipment Stalin’s purges to promote Communism ► Ended private ownership, set quotas for production ► Peasants rebelled – Stalin used force to end resistance – sent them to labor camps = famine followed ► Arrested those who disagreed with him – tried and sentenced to death Soviet Society ► Used propaganda to promote the Soviet Union and encourage people to work harder/produce more ► Encouraged nationalism and suspicion of western countries ► Eliminated religion "To have more, we must produce more. To produce more, we must know more” Hitler and Nazi Germany ► ► ► 1. 2. Conditions were ideal for Hitler to take over Germany – Germans were angered by their treatment at the Paris Peace Conference Hitler joined the Nazi Party and set out to make them the most powerful political parts in Germany Hitler appealed to: nationalists: promised to stop Germany’s payment for WWI business leaders, and landowners: promised security from Communism Hitler’s rise to power ► 1933 – Hitler became chancellor because Nazis won majority of seats in the German Parliament ► He acted quickly to keep his power – had Parliament suspend constitution = he no longer needed legislation to make laws ► Became dictator – Der Fuhrer (the leader) The Nazi Government Only political party allowed = Nazi (no challengers) Labor Unions banned ► Used terror and propaganda to keep control ► Gestapo = secret police ► Anyone who opposed – sent to concentration camp – type of prison camp ► Government set up massive work projects to employ people ► New Empire = Third Reich ► Video!! How did Hitler do all of this?? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Af44Slin7lg&playnext=1&l ist=PLE8B3A617C9716740&feature=results_main&safe=ac tive ► ► Anti- Semitism ► prejudice, hatred of, or discrimination against Jews for reasons connected to their heritage ► Hitler developed a theory that Germans descended from an Aryan race – master race = Jews in Germany endangered purity of that race ► Also blamed Jews for most of Germany’s problems Anti-Semite Goals Drive all Jews out of Germany ► Lead to genocide – murder of all members of an ethnic group ► 1935 – Nuremberg Laws - stripped German Jews of citizenship, forced them to wear yellow stars ► November 9, 1938 – Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass) Nazis used violence of a Jew against a German to attack Jewish people – 100 Jews murdered, 30,000 sent to camps Video!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z01WmCcpZ0Q& safe=active ► Trouble with Japan ► Emperor ruled Japan, but military leaders made most of the decisions ► Lacked many necessary natural resources and markets for goods – Government expanded into Asia to get control of resources and sell its goods ► 1931 – took control of Manchuria ► by 1937, Japan and China were fighting a full scale war Video!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fYGsdC7 Sg38&safe=active Intro to WWII Video!! ► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q78COT wT7nE&safe=active Germany on the march Hitler ignored the Treaty of Versailles and defied the League of Nations 1. Created air force and expanded army 2. Sent a German army into the Rhineland (zone along Germany’s border that they were not allowed to enter) ► League did nothing ► Looking the other way… ► France and GB protested Hitler rearming the Rhineland ► France wanted to fight, but GB would not help – this was the beginning of Great Britain’s policy of appeasement – giving in to the demands of a hostile person or group the keep the peace Expansion of Germany ► Hitler sent in troops in to Austria – proclaimed it a part of Germany ► Next on his list was Czechoslovakia (created by the Treaty of Versailles) ► Sudetenland = German region of Czechoslovakia Munich Conference ► 1938 – British and French met with Hitler – again gave in to him and agreed that Hitler could take control of the Sudetenland ► In return – Hitler promised not to take any more of Czechoslovakia ► Following spring, he went back on his promise… surprise, surprise WAR! ► September 1939 – Germany invades Poland ► Great Britain and France declare war on Germany Video!! http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=5Y9 NexpibEo What about the US? ► Isolationism – the belief that US should stay out of Europe’s problems Video!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=668zH17N P8w&safe=active