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Download SOL 10 & 11 World War II
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SOL 10 & 11 Complete control over the people!!!!! EX) Joseph Stalin—Russia Benito Mussolini—Italy Adolf Hitler—Germany Collective Farms: Gov’t took control of all farms Five Year Plans: To Industrialize Purges: Eliminate any threats to power Estab. Fascist Party 1921 King appointed him head of govt Black Shirts Nazi Party Mein Kampf Aryans = master race Unify all German speaking ppl Wanted more living space League of Nations’ condemned Japan & Japan left League Hitler’s Response: 1933 pulled out of League 1935 built up military 1936 went into Rhineland League did nothing! USA’s Response: Refused to recognize Japan’s conquests in Asia Imposed an embargo on exports of oil & steel to Japan Ethiopia asked League for help!!!! League did NOTHING!!!!!!!!! King of Spain abdicated throne New republic w/reforms Spanish Nationalists (or Falange) led by Francisco Franco Germany and Italy sent aid to help Franco France, U.S., and Great Britain send aid to counter Franco Franco became dictator—but did not join RomeBerlin Axis 1935 couldn’t sell arms/ loan $$ to nations @ war Austria Sudetenland Poland 1938 (aga. Treaty) 1938 Blitzkrieg “lightening war” Sep. 1, 1939 Began WWII Withdrew from the League in 1933 Hitler announced rearm his country 1936—troops sent into Rhineland Germany and Italy formed treaty to prevent the spread of communism Hitler wanted Anschluss-union—with Austria Hitler convinced Austrian chancellor to appoint Nazis to key positions Austria appealed to the west—but ignored March 1938—Austria annexed Czechoslovakia—3 million Germans in Sudetenland—Hitler demanded this region— 09/12/1939—give it to him or he would take by force Neville Chamberlain—British Prime Minister—set a meeting—accepted Hitler’s demands Policy of appeasement—granting concessions to maintain peace—does not work with Hitler!!! Hitler not satisfied—raised demands Mussolini offered compromise—give Hitler Sudetenland and Hitler promised not to take any more territory and to settle w/negotiation Chamberlain thought—peace preserved; Hitler invaded Czech. 03/15/1939 Hitler can not be trusted Hitler moved into Lithuania Mussolini invaded Albania Britain and France prepared for war They approached Stalin—feared Hitler would make an alliance Stalin negotiating with both sides August 1939—Nazi-Soviet Pact Why would these two enemies become allies? For Germany, there would be no war on two fronts For Russia, it would give them time to prepare for war, because they knew that Germany would eventually want to invade the U.S.S.R. to conquer all of Europe Non-aggression Pact Germany and U.S.S.R. would not attack one another and would remain neutral if the other were attacked Two sides would divide Europe after the war Spark began in Poland Hitler wanted Port of Danzig in Polish Corridor (used to belong to Germany) 09/01/1939—Germany annexed Danzig Air raids over Poland 2 days later France and Great Britain declared war on Germany Blitzkrieg: German for lightning war—with air raids On Poland Panzer units—German tanks and armored trucks on ground Poles surrendered within one month Soviets march into Poland from east—disappears from map!! Soviets then attacked Finland April 9, 1940---invaded Denmark and Norway (w/help from collaborators)—people willing to help their country’s enemies Hitler took Scandinavia for an outlet to the Atlantic— not get blocked in like WWI Hitler moved in “a little too close for comfort” People angry at Neville Chamberlain and appeasement—resigned May 1940—Winston Churchill in British rescued Allies from across English Channel (Miracle at Dunkirk) Italy invaded France from South Germans closed in on Paris from North—Hitler failed to attack retreating troops—Axis mistake—morale booster for Allies Germans trying to destroy British Royal Air Force (RAF) Used Luftwaffe (German air force) RAF used radar & Hitler called off invasion! http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://news.bbc.c o.uk/furniture/in_depth/uk/2000/battle_of_britain/battl e_intro_map.gif&imgrefurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/en glish/static/in_depth/uk/2000/battle_of_britain/default. stm&h=258&w=300&sz=10&tbnid=WJtePzktSl921M:&tbn h=95&tbnw=111&hl=en&start=3&prev=/images%3Fq%3D Battle%2Bof%2BBritain%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den% 26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8 U.S. divided at beginning of war Isolationists Cash and Carry U.S. gave Britain 50 old warships Enacts a draft law—the firs during peacetime U.S. passed Lend-Lease Act—war materials on credit Roosevelt/Churchill draft Atlantic Charter No territorial gain No boundary changes w/o consent of people Gave people the right to choose form of gov’t Equal trade rights Economic cooperation for benefit of citizens Freedom from fear Freedom of seas Abolish use of force—use system of general security (international organization) By Nov. 1941—the U.S. was a non-belligerent ally By fall 1940-Germany held almost all of western Europe; he now turns to Balkans June 1941—Germany had all Balkans except Turkey (signed a neutrality agreement w/Hitler) Next target—Suez Canal—Turkey refused to let troops through to oil fields of middle east Started N. African campaign Led by Gen. Erwin Rommel—the “Desert Fox” Drove British out of Libya and into Egypt Soviets angry about Hitler’s claims in the Balkans—their sphere of influence Hitler told the Soviets to get their own Sphere of Influence in Asia June 22, 1941—Germany invaded the Soviet Union—w/o formal declaration of war Soviets driven back past Moscow and Leningrad Used scorched-earth policy Pushed Stalin back to Stalingrad—used the winter to their advantage to weaken the Germans Master Plan = to create a “New Order” for Europe Single, political, and economic system ruled from Berlin by the Aryan race Hitler wanted S.U. for food and raw materials and planned to starve the Soviets—they were inferior to the Slavs (planned to eliminate inferior elements—esp. Jews) Annihilation of all European Jews—Final Solution Holocaust = systematic destruction of almost an entire race Genocide = extermination Placed in ghettos, then concentration camps where 6 million of 11 were killed—Anti-Semitism 1938—ghettos and Kristalnackt or night of glass- shops and synagogues and Jews attacked 2000 businesses 600 synagogues 100 Jews killed 35,000 arrested Wanted control of East Asia—started with small islands 1940 Joined Germany and Italy U.S. responded w/sanctions Tensions mounted when Hideki Tojo established a militaristic gov’t Japan attacked while negotiating peace w/U.S. Air Attack w/out warning Dec. 7, 1941 “a date that will live in infamy”--FDR Soviets trapped Germans in Stalingrad in fall of 1942 Hitler’s orders—to fight to the death, but surrendered in Jan. 1943 Allied reinforcements to El Alamein (Egypt) to help British—pushed back to Libya and Tunisia; Americans came in from Morocco and Algeria (forces led by Gen. Eisenhower) May 1943 Axis powers in N. Africa surrendered Churchill called for southern invasion 1943— Operation Torch Allies took Sicily-then to mainland Mussolini forced to resign People of Italy surrendered and Italy declared war on Germany--Sept. 1943 Carried the war closer to Japan Series of victories Began w/ Battle of Midway “Miracle of Midway” Japanese victory would have allowed Japan to invade Hawaii Battles enabled Allies to begin an offensive against Japan Battle of Coral Sea—May 1942—Japanese suffered their first set-back 2 battles enabled Allies to begin an offensive against Japan Soloman Islands—Allied invasion of Japanese controlled territory Commander of Allied Powers in the Pacific Accepted surrender from Emperor Hirohito Operation Overlord Normandy—D-Day; June 6, 1944—largest amphibious landing Battle of the Bulge Mussolini—captured, shot, hanged upside down in the middle of town Feb. 1945—Yalta Conference Soviets took Berlin—Hitler found out and committed suicide on April 30, 1945 New German gov’t surrendered on May 8, 1945— Victory in Europe Day!!! Hideki Tojo—Japanese General Hirohito—Emperor of Japan Attacked island of Iwo Jima—took one month Okinawa was next—Kamikaze missions—damaged many allied ships Allies blockaded Japan and immobilized their navy— but refused to surrender Feb. 1945—the Big Three met—Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin—Yalta Conference Germany would be divided and occupied by Allied troops Democratic elections should be held in free areas of Europe July 1945—Potsdam Conference in Berlin— Truman and new P.M of G.B.—planned occupation of Germany and unconditional surrender of Japan—Japan refused their ultimatum Allies had A-Bomb (Manhattan Project) Truman decided to drop the bomb August 6, 1945, the Enola Gay, a B-29 bomber dropped the first bomb over Hiroshima August 9, 1945, 2nd bomb dropped over Nagasaki August 14, 1945, Japan unconditionally surrendered Sept. 2, 1945—they officially surrendered aboard the U.S.S. Missouri V-J Day!!! Most destructive in history 22 million dead 34 million wounded 6 million Jews The big change was that this kind of destruction became accepted practice and the killing of civilians was acceptable! 1935 Took citizenship away from Jews Yellow Star of David Neutrality Acts of 1939 Roosevelt Warring nations could buy in cash and carry w/them! Germany, Italy, & Japan Lend/Lease arms to “any country whose defense was vital to the U.S.” March 1941 Britain, France, United States, Soviet Union America & its allies war strategy USA forces targeted for Europe Led Allied troops D-Day German occupied France June 6, 1944 Liberated western Europe from Hitler begins here! President Ordered the use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki To prevent horrendous casualties & force Japanese to surrender Japanese suicide bomber Feb. 1945 Allies (U.S., Br, SU) Divide Germany into Allied occupation zones (East & West)