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How did Hitler’s aims point to war? By the end of the lesson you will: 1. Understand the appeal and motivation of the Nazi Party 2. Have discussed, noted and prioritised the sequence of events leading up to war in 1939 Nazi ideology • In 1919, Adolf Hitler joined a small rightwing group called the German Workers' Party. He took over as its leader, and changed its name to the National Socialists (Nazis). • The party developed a 25-Point Programme, which - after the failure of the Munich Putsch in 1924 - Hitler explained further in his book 'Mein Kampf‘. The Nazi ideology: Lebensraum - the need for 'living space' for the German nation to expand. A strong Germany - the Treaty of Versailles should be abolished and all German-speaking people united in one country. Führer - the idea that there should be a single leader with complete power rather than a democracy. Social Darwinism - the idea that the Aryan race was superior and Jews were 'subhuman'. Autarky - the idea that Germany should be economically selfsufficient. Germany was in danger - from Communists and Jews, who had to be destroyed. The appeal of the Nazis In the 1920s, the Nazis tried to be all things to all people. The 25-Point Programme had policies that were: Socialist - eg farmers should be given their land; pensions should improve; and public industries such as electricity and water should be owned by the state. Nationalist - all German-speaking people should be united in one country; the Treaty of Versailles should be abolished; and there should be special laws for foreigners. Racist - Jews should not be German citizens and immigration should be stopped. Fascist - a strong central government and control of the newspapers. The Nazis did not appeal to: working men who voted Communist intellectuals such as students and university professors They were popular with: nationalists and racists farmers lower middle-class people such as plumbers and shopkeepers who were worried about the chaos Germany was in rich people worried by the threat from Communism Study the 25 point programme. For each point plot it in a Venn diagram according to who the point would appeal to. Farmer Lower middle class Nationalist / Racist Rich people Conclusions • Which group are most attracted to the Nazis according to your Venn diagram? • Use the Venn diagram to write a paragraph summing up who the Nazis appealed to and why • Alternatively draw a propaganda poster for the Nazis appealing to either one specific group, or combining it to show a mass appeal Further developing your thinking …. • Now study the 25 point programme again. • How might it lead to war; or at least some future conflict with other countries? • “The Nazi aims might lead to war because …….” Hitler’s foreign policy • It is easy to blame Hitler for starting the war. • Hitler's aims were aggressive, and he openly stated them in his book "Mein Kampf" in 1924: 1. Destroy the Treaty of Versailles. 2. Create a Greater Germany (a country of all the German people). 3. Lebensraum (living space) to conquer land for Germany in Eastern Europe. • Once he came to power, Hitler set about doing exactly what he had said he would do: • • • • • • 1935 - Rearmament 1936 - Remilitarisation of the Rhineland 1938 - Anschluss with Austria 1938 - The annexation of the Sudetenland 1939 - The invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939 - The invasion of Poland Date 1933 Event League of Nations What happened Hitler leaves the League of Nations. 1934 Austria Hitler tries to take power in Austria. Austrian Nazis murder the chancellor, Dolfuss. Italy moves its army to the border and Hitler backs down. 1935 Saar Page 49 As planned in the Treaty of Versailles, the people of Saar (which had been given to France for 15 years) vote to return to Germany. 1935 Rearmament Page 48 - 52 Hitler increases the size of the German army to half a million members. Britain, France and Italy do nothing. 1935 Anglo-German Britain helps Germany break the Treaty of Versailles by signing an agreement to allow Naval Treaty Germany a navy one-third of the size of Britain's. 1936 Rhineland Pg 50 - 51 German troops re-occupy the Rhineland. They are given orders to retreat if France offers any resistance. France does nothing. 1936 Guernica Pg 52 Hitler tests his armed forces when German bombers, which are helping the Fascists in the Spanish Civil War, bomb the Spanish town of Guernica. Civilians in Britain and France are frightened. 1937 Anti-Comintern Alliance of Germany, Japan and Italy against communism Pact Pg 52 1938 Anschluss Pg 53 1938 Hitler occupies Austria. First, Hitler encourages the Austrian Nazis to demand a union with Germany. Then he invades when the Austrian chancellor announces a vote to see what Austrians want. After the German invasion, 99 per cent of Austrians vote "Ja". Britain and France do nothing. 1939 Sudetenland Pg Hitler bullies France and Britain into giving him the Sudetenland. 54 - 60 Czechoslovakia Hitler invades Czechoslovakia and takes control. 1939 Poland Hitler invades Poland and provokes the Second World War. Read the relevant pages to find out more. Make any necessary notes. Homework task • Who was Engelbert Dollfuss, and what was the Dollfuss Affair all about? • How did the Dollfuss Affair help contribute to the later Anschluss between Germany and Austria? Anglo-German Naval Agreement Saar Plebiscite Re-occupation of the Rhineland Invasion of Poland Anschluss German Rearmament Spanish Civil War Anti-Comintern Pact Diamond 9 : Sort the events into the most likely to lead to war, down to the least likely. Appeasement Which event most suggested that Hitler wanted and intended war? Template How did Hitler’s aims point to war? Now check that you have: 1. Understood the appeal and motivation of the Nazi Party 2. Discussed, noted and prioritised the sequence of events leading up to war in 1939