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World War II
World in Flames
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Causes of World War II
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World War I and the worldwide economic
depression devastated Europe.
Political and Social unrest led to the rise of
totalitarian political parties – Nazi and
Fascists Parties
Charismatic leaders like Adolf Hitler and
Benito Mussolini rose to power.
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Adolf Hilter
•Took advantage of German
resentment over WWI to win
support for Nazi Party.
•Ascended to power in 1933,
known as the “Fuhrer” (leader)
•Called his government the
‘Third Reich’ and empire that
would last a thousand years
•Blamed the Jews for all of
Germany’s problems SSUSH 19
Benito Mussolini
•dictator of Italy from 19221945
• head of the Fascist party
•executed after he was
overthrown by Italian King;
hung from meat hooks to
prove his death to the public
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Hitler’s Aggression
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1936 Germany occupies the Rhineland
without any opposition
1938 Germany annexes Austria with no
resistance
1938 demands the right to annex the
Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia
Hitler’s aggression is setting the stage of
WWII
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Hitler’s Aggression
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In an effort to avoid war, Great Britain and
France give into Germany for a promise
not to invade anymore territories
This policy was known as appeasement
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Winston Churchill
A member of parliament at
the time, he said,
“Britain and France had
to choose between war and
dishonor. They chose
dishonor. They will have
war.”
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Japan
•In the 1920’s and 1930’s, Japan began to
aggressively expand its territory
•Japan had become a modern country but had few
resources, so it choose to take the resources that it
needed.
•Japan invades Manchuria – a province in China in
1931
•Captures most of the coastal cities but is unable to
control inland
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•Japan Joins the Axis powers
U.S. Reactions
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Congress passes the Neutrality Act of
1939 and considers a Constitutional
amendment to restrict the governments
power to declare war.
President Roosevelt keeps a suspicious
eye on both Germany and Japan.
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U.S. Reactions
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Roosevelt had to deal with racial tensions in the
U.S. armed forces
A. Phillip Randolph, a civil rights leader,
proposed a march on Washington D.C. to protest
racial discrimination in the military.
Roosevelt supports the Fair Employment Act
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Prohibits discrimination in defense industry
First law against employment discrimination
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Major Events
and
Battles
of
World War II
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The War in Europe
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Sept. 1, 1939, Hitler launches WWII by invading
Poland
He choose to invade Poland because it stood
between Germany and Russia
He signs a Non-aggression Pact with Russia
agreeing to divide Poland.
Joseph Stalin, dictator of USSR, agrees to buy
time to build up his forces.
Britain and France declare war on Germany!
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The Fall of France.
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April 1940, Germany conquers Denmark,
Norway
In less than one month, Germany
overruns the Netherlands, Belgium,
Luxembourg and France
Hitler wanted to establish peace with
Britain so that he could turn his efforts
toward Russia
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Battle of Britain
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Winston Churchill finds himself alone in
Europe to fight Hitler.
Hitler knew that he had to destroy Britain’s
Royal Air Force before launching an
invasion of England.
Nightly bombings of London strengthened
the British and Churchill in their fight.
Hitler gives up his plan to invade Britain.
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The United States Enters the War
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Roosevelt wins a third term to office in
1940
He is convinced that America can’t afford
to stay out of the war.
1941 Congress passes the Lend-Lease Act
– we would send aid to any country
deemed vital to the U.S. and defer
payment until later.
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Pearl Harbor
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U.S. imposes an embargo on oil and steel to
Japan.
Japan sets its sights on the natural resources of
the Dutch East Indies.
Japan had to deal with the US Naval fleet at
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Japan delivers a surprise attack on December 7,
1941
“A day that will live in infamy” -Roosevelt
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Internment Camps
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Many suspected that Japanese, German
and Italian Americans would support the
Axis powers
Thousands were relocated to internment
camps
American military forced 100,000
Japanese Americans to leave their homes.
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Internment Camps
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Korematsu vs. United States said
relocation was constitutional based on
military urgency;
Ex Parte Endo case ruled that loyal
Americans could not be held against their
will.
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War in Europe
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Three days after Pearl Harbor, Germany
and Italy declared war on America
Hitler had also invaded Russia
The United States, Russia and Great
Britain stood as the Allied Powers
The Allies drive the Axis out of North
Africa and parts of Italy and prepare for
an invasion of Western Europe.
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D-Day
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Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt meet in
Dec. 1943
Soviets wanted Britain and American to
open a second front against Germany
General Dwight D. Eisenhower is
appointed as Supreme Allied Commander
of Operation Overlord.
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Operation Overlord
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Involved hundreds of thousands of troops
Largest amphibious invasion in military
history.
Launched June 6, 1944
500,000 troops come ashore in Normandy,
France
August, 1944 Allies liberate Paris
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Battle of the Bulge
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Last major offensive battle for Germany; attempt
to break through allied lines to capture Antwerp,
Belgium
The Battle of the Bulge was the bloodiest of the
battles that U.S. forces experienced in World
War II;
the 19,000 American dead were unsurpassed by
those of any other engagement
Germans finally turned back – Allies move on
Berlin
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Fall of Berlin
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", two massive Soviet army groups
attacked Berlin from the east and south,
while a third overran German forces
positioned north of Berlin
one of the final battles of the European
Theatre of World War II.
Hitler committed suicide in his bunker as
the Soviets approached the city.
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V-E Day
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President Roosevelt dies will in office
shortly before the war is over.
Harry Truman becomes president
Victory in Europe Day (V-E Day) = May 8,
1945
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Holocaust
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The invasion of Europe uncovered the
horrible atrocities committed by the Nazi’s
Nazi’s targeted people they felt were
inferior or unfit – especially the Jewish
people.
He blamed the Jewish people for all of
Germany’s problems when he took power.
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Holocaust
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The anti-semetism progressed to Hitler’s
Final Solution to the Jewish problem
The Nazi’s attempt to exterminate the
Jewish race through mass genocide
Jews would be rounded up and placed in
concentration camps for extermination.
Approximately six million Jews and five
million undesirables were killed .
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War in the Pacific
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Within hours of the attack on Pearl Harbor,
Japan also attacked the Philippines, destroying
half U.S. planes stationed there.
Japanese forces invade and eventually take the
Islands
General Douglas MacArthur forced to abandon
the Philippines, vowing to its people that he
would return.
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Bataan Death March
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the forcible transfer of 90,000 to 100,000
American and Filipino prisoners of war captured
by the Japanese in the Philippines from the
Bataan peninsula to prison camps,
Characterized by wide-ranging physical abuse,
murder, savagery, and resulted in very high
fatalities inflicted upon the prisoners and
civilians along the route by the armed forces of
the Empire of Japan
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The Battle of Midway and Island Hopping
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Admiral Yamamoto – considered a military
genius for his attack on Pearl Harbor
wanted to destroy the remainder of the US
Fleet
Battle of Midway – a surprise by the
American Navy on Japan
American victory –allows US to go on the
offense in the Pacific
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Island Hopping
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The U.S. decided to advance on Japan from two
directions.
Across the central Pacific under Admiral Nimitz.
From the South under General MacArthur and
Halsey
The southern route required an invasion of the
Philippines which MacArthur had promised to the
people of the Philippines.
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Island Hopping
The U.S. began a
process of island
hopping, in which it
attacked and
conquered one
group of islands and
moved onto the
next.
“People of the
Philippines , I have
returned.”
MacArthur
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Island Hopping
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In desperation, Japan turned to the use of
Kamikaze pilots to try and avoid defeat
Kamikazes were pilots who committed
suicide by intentionally crashing their
planes into U.S. ships
Famous battles include – Iwo Jima.
Guadalcanal, Okinawa
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Atomic Bomb
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The capture of Okinawa cleared the way
for the invasion of Japan.
Manhattan Project was conducted to build
the first atomic bomb; project was based
in Los Alamos, New Mexico.
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Potsdam Conference
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Harry Truman, Churchill and Stalin meet to
discuss post war policies.
Potsdam Declaration restated their policy
of unconditional surrender
Japanese insisted on the condition that
the Emperor would be protected.
Truman authorized the use of the bomb
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Victory in Japan
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August 6, 1945, a B-29 bomber named the
Enola Gay dropped the first atomic bomb on the
city of Hiroshima, Japan
August 8, 1945, the Soviet Union invaded
Manchuria
When Japan delayed its surrender, August 9,
1945 , America dropped the second bomb on
Nagasaki.
Japan finally surrendered on August 14, 1945
The next day was declared V-J Day
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The War at Home
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The government realized the support of
the American People was crucial to victory
They launched huge advertising campaign
and theaters played newsreels that
showed American war effort in a positive
light
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War Production Board
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The U.S. economy had to switch from peacetime
to wartime as quickly as possible.
Roosevelt set up the War production Board
(WPB) to oversee the transformation.
It redirected the raw materials and resources
from the production of consumer goods to the
production of military goods.
The U.S economy boomed and the western
population increased rapidly.
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Income Tax and War Bonds
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The number of people required to pay
income tax increased
The government introduced the idea of
withholding income tax from people’s
paychecks and give it to the government
War bonds were used as another source.
Americans loaned the govt. $60 million
dollars.
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Citizen Sacrifice
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People started growing victory gardens of their
own food so that more food could be sent to
soldiers.
Rationing programs were started to control how
certain resources were distributed.
Government forced people to conserve
resources that were needed for the war effort
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“Rosie the Riveter”
•Women took jobs normally
reserved for men.
•Women became an
important part of the
workforce at home.
•A popular song was called
Rosie the Riveter
•It became the symbol of
women who entered the
workforce to fill the gap.
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