Download WWII Notes

World war ii
World History
Mr. Nettleton
Axis powers
Allied powers
Appeasement to war
• Japan—invades and occupies Manchuria—Chinese province
with valuable resources…League of Nations…no action.
• Italy—invades Ethiopia…League of Nations…no action
• Germany—Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles
• Builds up the army (Rearmament)
• Sent troops into the demilitarized zone of the Rhineland
• France & Great Britain—followed the policy of appeasement—
keep the peace
• Ignored the actions of Germany to avoid military conflict.
Appeasement to war
• Keep the peace
• Why? Pacifism: a nations sentiment of opposition to all war
• Western democracies struggled due to depressions
• No one could take on the Germans (Fear of Military Power)
• Spanish Civil War—Dress Rehearsal for WWII
• Hitler and Mussolini sent arms to help Francisco Franco
• Stalin sent troops to fight against Franco
• Political Interest?
• Fascism (Military) vs Communism/Socialism (Rebels)
• Hitler tested out new weapons
Appeasement to war
• German aggression continues
• Hitler wanted to make more “living space” for Germans in
Eastern Europe
• Hitler believed the Germans were the superior Aryan race
• Hitler annexed Austria: Anschluss
• Violated Tr. Of Versailles creating a brief war scare.
• Czechoslovakia—one of only two remaining democracies in
Europe (Finland was the other)
• The Sudetenland is a region in Czechoslovakia occupied by 3
million Germans
• Hitler annexes the Sudetenland—violation of the Treaty of
Versailles…no military action from League of Nations.
Appeasement to war
• Nazi-Soviet Pact—agreement not to fight each other in the
event of war. (Hitler/Stalin)
• Both nations agreed to divide up Poland and other areas of
Eastern Europe.
• Invasion of Poland—one week after the Nazi-Soviet pact was
signed, Hitler invaded Poland on Sept. 1, 1939
• Two days later, Great Britain and France declared war on
Germany
• WWII had begun
The axis advances
• German Luftwafe launches a blitzkrieg “lightning
war” on Poland
• Germany invades France and takes over
• In southern France, a “puppet state” is set up-unofficial
government
• Capital of “Vichy” France
• Germany sets their sights on Britain
• Operation Sea Lion—Germany launches a major air
strike on Britain—London was bombed
The HOlocaust
• Systematic killing of millions of Jews during WWII
• Hitler had a plan to create a “superior” race—Aryan
• Sent Jews, gypsies, Slavs to concentration camps
• Forced labor, poorly fed, worked to death
• 6 million Jews were killed
• 5 million others were also killed
Japan vs. united
states
• U.S. declared themselves neutral when war broke out
• Neutrality Acts
• Lend-Lease Act: U.S. agrees to sell or lend war goods to
any country that was considered vital to the safety of the
U.S.
• When war broke out, Japan saw an opportunity to take
lands in southeast Asia to expand their empire
• U.S. bans sale of war materials to Japan
• Dec. 7, 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
• The U.S. officially enters WWII the next day
Allies turn the tide
• Total War—nation puts all resources into war time
• Women go to work in factories to help support the war
effort
• Convert factories into making war goods
• Airplanes, tanks, ships,
• Rationed goods
• Regulated wages and prices
Allies turn the tide
• The Big 3 leaders plot strategies
• Roosevelt (FDR), Churchill, and Stalin
• Decide to end the war in Europe before dealing with Asia
• Tehran, Iran conference:
• FDR and Churchill give in to Stalin.
• However, they decide not to launch a second front on Germany. Stalin
sees this as a deliberate policy to weaken the Soviet Union.
• Let the Nazi-Soviet borders stand
• Stalingrad—major turning point for Russia—stopped the
German advance into Russia.
• Hitler wanted “incalculable store of treasures and raw
materials”
Allies turn the tide
• D-Day Invasion—June 6, 1944—p. 584-585
• Allied bomber missions
• Yalta—Big 3 agree that Russia will attack Japan within
3 months of Germany’s surrender
• Agreed to divide Germany into four zones controlled by
the Allied forces
Victory in Europe
and the pacific
• V-E Day—Victory in Europe Day—March 1945
• Germany surrenders—war is over in Europe
• Why did the Allied forces win?
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•
•
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Location of Germany: fighting multiple fronts
Underestimated SU ability to fight
Productive capacity of US
Scarcity of resources.
• Allied Forces concentrate on Japan
the pacific
• Struggle for the Pacific
• Bataan Death March
• Japan forced U.S. and Filipino POW’s to walk 68 miles
• Tortured, starved, or killed
• Island hopping campaign—led by Gen. MacArthur
• Recapture islands from Japan
• U.S. Navy blockaded Japan and U.S bombers hit cities
and strategic targets
• Gradually moving north towards Japan
The pacific
• Japanese soldiers were willing to die for their country
in kamakaze missions
• Allies were preparing to invade Japan when the
Manhattan Project was developed
• Atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki and
Hiroshima
End of wwii
• Japan finally realizes defeat is imminent
• Japan surrenders on the USS Missouri
• September 2, 1945
• WWII is over
• War crimes trials—Nuremberg Trials
• Hold Axis leaders accountable for crimes against
humanity
Formation of united
nations
• United Nations is formed
• Idea of collective security: if one member nation is
attacked it is considered an attack on ALL member
nations
Cold war
• Truman Doctrine: Contain the spread of communism
• Allies and Axis powers disagreed on what to do with
Europe after the war
• Both wanted to divide Germany into 4 zones
controlled by each of the Allies
• Russia wants Poland and eastern Europe to be
communist
• US wants them to be democratic