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WORLD WAR II
GPS #19
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SSUSH19 The student will identify the origins,
major developments, and the domestic impact of
World War II, especially the growth of the federal
government.
a.
Explain A. Philip Randolph’s proposed march
on Washington, D.C., and President Franklin D.
Roosevelt’s response.
b. Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and
the internment of Japanese-Americans, GermanAmericans, and Italian-Americans.
c. Explain major events; include the lend-lease
program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the fall of
Berlin.
WORLD WAR II
GPS #19, CONTINUED
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d. Describe war mobilization, as indicated by rationing,
war-time conversion, and the role of women in war
industries.
e. Describe the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos,
include the scientific, economic, and military implications
of developing the atomic bomb.
f. Compare the geographic locations of the
European Theater and the Pacific Theater and the
difficulties the U.S. faced in delivering weapons,
food, and medical supplies to troops.
WORLD WAR II
1939-1945
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WORLD WAR II, 1939-1945
The modern world is still living with the consequences of World War II, the
most titanic conflict in history. Just under 69 years ago on September 1st 1939,
Germany invaded Poland without warning sparking the start of World War Two.
By the evening of September 3rd, Britain and France were at war with Germany
and within a week, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and South Africa had also
joined the war. The world had been plunged into its second world war in 25
years. Six long and bloody years of total war, fought over many thousand of
square miles, followed. From the Hedgerows of Normandy to the streets of
Stalingrad, the icy mountains of Norway to the sweltering deserts of Libya, the
insect infested jungles of Burma to the coral reefed islands of the pacific. On
land, sea and in the air, Poles fought Germans, Italians fought Americans and
Japanese fought Australians in a conflict which was finally settled with the use
of nuclear weapons. World War II involved every major world power in a war for
global domination, and at its end, more than 60 million people had lost their
lives, and most of Europe and large parts of Asia lay in ruins.
WORLD WAR II
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World War II, or the Second World War,
(often abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global
military conflict which involved a majority of the
world's nations, including all of the great
powers, organized into two opposing military
alliances: the Allies and the Axis. The war
involved the mobilization of over 100 million
military personnel, making it the most
widespread war in history.
CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
M I N T R A OR
MARTIN
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MILITARISM
IMPERIALISM
NATIONALISM
TOTALITARIANISM
RESENTMENT
AGRESSION ACTS
WORLD WAR II, MILITARISM
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1.GROWTH OF MILITARIES, ESP. IN
GERMANY, ITALY, AND JAPAN, 1920S1930S
WORLD WAR II, IMPERIALISM
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1.MAINTAINING AND COMPETITION
FOR COLONIES IN AFRICA AND ASIA
WORLD WAR II, NATIONALISM
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1.LOYALTY TO ONE’S NATION ABOVE
ALL ELSE, ESPECIALLY IN GERMANY,
ITALY, AND JAPAN
2.EXPANSIONISM
WORLD WAR II,
TOTALITARIANISM
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1. Totalitarianism (or totalitarian rule)
is a concept used to describe political
systems where a state regulates nearly
every aspect of public and private life.
WORLD WAR II, FORMS OF
TOTALITARIANISM AND NATION
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FORM
COMMUNISM
FASCISM
NAZISM
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NATION
USSR (UNION OF
SOVIET SOCIALIST
REPUBLICS, AKA
SOVIET UNION)
ITALY
GERMANY
WORLD WAR II, RESENTMENT
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1.GER, IT, JAP, RESENTED AND
EVENTUALLY DISREGARDED
PROVISIONS OF THE TREATY OF
VERSAILLES.
WORLD WAR II, AGGRESSION
ACTS
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GER, IT, AND JAP INVADED NATIONS
AND COLONIES IN AFRICA, ASIA, AND
EUROPE TO EXTEND
TOTALITARIANISM.
ACTS OF AGGRESSION
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1.JAPAN INVADED NE CHINA, MANCHURIA, 1931.
2.ITALY INVADES ETHIOPIA, 1935.
3.GERMANY INVADES RHINELAND, 1936.
4.JAPAN INVADES THE REST OF CHINA, 1937.
5.GERMANY TAKES AUSTRIA, 1938.
6.GERMANY INVADES SUDETENLAND, W.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA, 1938.
7.GERMANY INVADES REST OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA,
1938.
8.GERMAN-SOVIET NONAGGRESSION PACT, 1939
9.GERMANY INVADES POLAND, SEPT. 1, 1939!!!
WORLD WAR II ALLIANCES
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ALLIED POWERS
CHINA
FRANCE
UK
USA
USSR
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AXIS POWERS
GERMANY
ITALY
JAPAN
WORLD WAR II, ALLIED
LEADERS
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NATION
CHINA
FRANCE
UK
USA
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USSR
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LEADER
CHIANG KAI-SHEK
CHARLES DE GAULLE
WINSTON CHURCHILL
FRANKLIN
ROOSEVELT AND
HARRY TRUMAN
JOSEF STALIN
WORLD WAR II, AXIS LEADERS
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NATION
GERMANY
ITALY
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JAPAN
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LEADER
ADOLF HITLER
BENITO
MUSSOLINI
HIDEKI TOJO (FOR
EMPEROR
HIROHITO)
WORLD WAR II, PICTURES OF
ALLIED LEADERS
WORLD WAR II, PICTURES OF
AXIS LEADERS
BEGINNING OF WORLD WAR II
IN EUROPE
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GERMANY INVADED POLAND.
SEPTEMBER 1, 1939
WORLD REACTION TO BEGINNING
OF WORLD WAR II IN EUROPE
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1.CONTINUATION OF ISOLATIONISM
IN USA, 1920S-1941
2.PASSAGE OF NEUTRALITY ACTS IN
USA, 1930S
3.PROTEST ABOUT DISCRIMINATION
IN MILITARY AND INDUSTRY IN USA
WORLD REACTION, CONTINUED
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a.JULY 1, 1941, A. PHILIP RANDOLPH PROPOSED A
MARCH ON WASHINGTON D.C.
b.FOUNDER OF A UNION, BROTHERHOOD OF
SLLEEPING CAR PORTERS
c.CALLED FOR BLACKS TO PROTEST
DISCRIMINATION
d.FDR FEARED UREST BY WHITES
e.FDR BACKED DOWN ISSUING EXECUTIVE ORDER
FOR UNIONS/EMPLOYERS TO CEASE
DISCRIMINATION IN HIRING PRACTICES
f.MARCH CANCELLED.
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The Brotherhood of
Sleeping Car Porters
(BSCP) was a labor union in
the United States organized
by the predominantly
African-American Pullman
Porters.
It was, in 1935, the first
labor organization led by
African-Americans to receive
a charter in the American
Federation of Labor.
EVENTS LEADING TO USA
ENTRY INTO WORLD WAR II
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1.JAPAN INVADED THE REST OF CHINA.
2.JAPAN INVADED FRENCH COLONY OF INDOCHINA
(VIETNAM, CAMBODIA, LAOS) AND DUTCH EAST
INDIES (INDONESIA) IN SOUTHEAST ASIA.
3.TO PROTEST, USA STOPPED TRADE AND OIL
SHIPMENTS TO JAPAN
4.RESULT: DEC. 7, 1941, JAPAN ATTACKED PEARL
HARBOR, HAWAII, USA, IN THE PACIFIC.
5.FDR, “A DATE WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY”
INDOCHINA
EAST INDIES
RESULTS OF USA ENTRY INTO
WORLD WAR II
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1.INTERNMENT OF 120,000
JAPANESE-AMERICANS INTO CAMPS,
WHO LIVED MAINLY ON WEST COAST
OF USA
2.Internment is the imprisonment or
confinement of people, commonly in
large groups, without trial.
WHY INTERNMENT?
JAPANESE INTERNMENT AND
OTHERS, WHY?
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a.FEARS OF SPIES, SABOTAGE LED TO
VIOLENCE AND PREJUDICE
b.FOR NATIONAL SECURITY, JAPANESEAMERICANS FROM CA, WA, OR, AZ,
PLACED INTO RURAL CAMPS
c.SOME GERMAN, ITALIAN, AND NATIVE
AMERICANS (IN ALASKA) WERE
INTERRED.
JAPANESE INTERNMENT CAMP
AND LOCATIONS
JAPANESE INTERNMENT
CAMPS
JAPANESE INTERNMENT CAMP,
CALIFORNIA
PREPARATION FOR WORLD WAR
II BY THE USA
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MOBILIZATION
Mobilization is the act of assembling
and making both troops and supplies
ready for war.
EXAMPLES OF MOBILIZATION
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1.RATIONING
2.WARTIME CONSERVATION
3.ROLE OF WOMEN IN WAR
INDUSTRIES
4.EXPANSION OF DRAFT
5.OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT
6.PROPAGANDA
1.RATIONING
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1. Rationing is the controlled distribution
of resources and scarce goods or
services.
2. Example of wartime conservation
1)Each household received a “C-Book”
with coupons to be used when buying
scarce items (meat, sugar, coffee)
2)Gas rationing
2. WARTIME CONSERVATION
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1.Methods used by Americans to
contribute and to conserve for the war
effort
1)Rationing
2)Carpooling and riding bicycles
3)Nationwide drives to collect scrap iron,
tin cans, newspaper, cooking grease to
recycle and use in war production
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During 1943, U. S. officials imposed a short-lived ban on
sliced bread as a wartime conservation measure.
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“I should like to let you know how important sliced bread
is to the morale and saneness of a household. My
husband and four children are all in a rush during and
after breakfast. Without ready-sliced bread I must do the
slicing for toast—two pieces for each one—that's ten. For
their lunches I must cut by hand at least twenty slices, for
two sandwiches apiece. Afterward I make my own toast.
Twenty-two slices of bread to be cut in a hurry!”
3.ROLE OF WOMEN IN WAR
INDUSTRIES
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1.FEARED WOMEN HAD LACK OF
STAMINA
2.6 MILLION WORKED IN FACTORIES
AND SHIPYARDS
3.WOMEN FILLED VOID OF MEN
FIGHTING OVERSEAS
4.WOMEN WERE PAID 60% OF MEN’S
WAGES
WOMEN
4.EXPANSION OF THE DRAFT
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1.SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM
EXPANDED DRAFT
2.MILLIONS OF MEN VOLUTEERED
AND WERE DRAFTED
3.1943, WOMEN’S ARMY CORPS,
WOMEN FILLED POSITION OF
NONCOMBAT NATURE TO FREE UP
MEN FOR FRONTLINE DUTY.
5.OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
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1.OSDR, 1941
2. The Office of Scientific Research
and Development (OSRD) was an
agency of the United States federal
government created to coordinate
scientific research for military purposes
during World War II.
3.USA WAR PLANNING
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1)DEFEAT JAPAN’S NAVY ALSO MEANT
DEFEAT OF JAPAN’S ARMY AT HOME
2)RESULT: GREAT LOSS OF LIFE FOR
JAPAN AND USA OVER TIME
3)TO AVOID INVASION OF JAP, USA
DEVELOPED ATOMIC (NUCLEAR) BOMB
4.PROJECT CODE NAME: MANHATTAN
PROJECT
MANHATTAN PROJECT
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1.COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, MAHATTAN, NYC
2.RESEARCH LEADERS: GEN. LESLIE GROVES, J.
ROBERT OPPENHEIMER
3.USA DEVELOPED 2 BOMBS AT LOS ALAMOS
NATIONAL LABORATORY, LOS ALAMOS, NM
4.THE 2 BOMBS WERE USED ON JAPANESE CITIES
OF HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI, RESPECTIVELY, IN
EARLY AUGUST, 1945
5.RESULT: JAPAN SURRENDERED, SEPT. 2, 1945
GROVES AND OPPENHEIMER
6.PROPAGANDA
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1.HOLLYWOOD MOTION PICTURES,
WAR PROPAGANDA FILMS
2.HITLER, BEAST OF BERLIN
3.WHY WE FIGHT
IMPLICATIONS (RESULTS) OF
DEVELOPING ATOMIC BOMB
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1.MILITARY: USA HAD NUKES. USA WOULD
USE.
1)USSR BEGAN TO DEVELOP NUKES
2)COLD WAR, 1945-1989-90, COMPETITION
BETWEEN USA AND USSR TO INFLUENCE
WORLD WITH NUKES
3)POWER SOURCE FOR SHIPS AND SUBS
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2.SCIENTIFIC: MEDICAL USE TO
STUDY HUMAN BODY, SUCH AS PET
SCANS (POSITION EMISSION
TOMOGRAPHY) TO STUDY BRAIN
3.ECONOMIC: NUCLEAR POWER FOR
ELECTRICITY FOR HOME AND
BUSINESS
MAJOR EVENTS OF WW II,
LEND-LEASE PROGRAM
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1.LEND-LEASE ACT, 1941
2.USA COULD LEND VITAL WAR
MATERIALS TO ANY NATION FDR
SAID WAS VITAL TO DEFENSE OF
USA (TO UK, FR, USSR, CH)
MAJOR EVENTS OF WW II,
BATTLE OF MIDWAY
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1.JUNE 4-7, 1942, 6 MTHS AFTER
PEARL HARBOR
2.TURNING POINT, USA DEFEATED
JAP AT MIDWAY ATOLL IN PACIFIC
3.MORALE BOOST FOR USA, TAKE
WAR TO HEART OF JAP
USA VS. JAPAN
MAJOR EVENTS OF WORLD WAR
II, BATTLE OF NORMANDY
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1.NAME: OPERATION OVERLORD, CODE NAME, DDAY, JUNE 6, 1944
2.ALLIED INVASION OF GERMAN-NAZI OCCUPIED
NORTHERN FRANCE
3.LARGEST SEA INVASION IN HISTORY, 156,000 MEN,
6939 VESSELS
4.SURPRISE FOR GERMANS WITH MANY ALLIED
LOSSES
5.US, US, CA PUSH GERMANS E. TO GERMANY
6.RESULT: BEGINNING OF ALLIED VICTORY IN
EUROPE
MAJOR EVENTS, WORLD WAR II,
BATTLE AND FALL OF BERLIN
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1. LAST OF BATTLES, BLOODIEST
2. 3 USSR MIL GROUPS ATTACKED GERMANS
DEFENDING BERLIN, CAPITAL OF GERMANY
3. 81,116 USSR TROOPS DIED, 458,080 GERMANS
DIED
4. HITLER AND FOLLOWERS COMMITTED SUICIDE
5.BERLIN SURRENDERED MAY 2, 1945
6.FIGHTING CONTINUED TO MAY 8 AS GERMANS
MOVED WEST TO SURRENDER TO US AND UK
RATHER THAN USSR
MAJOR EVENTS OF WORLD WAR II,
BATTLE OF STALINGRAD
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1.TURNING POINT, 1942, 1943
2.USSR LOST 1 MILLION SOLDIERS
3.USSR PUSHED WEST INTO
GERMANY.
4.RUSSIAN-SOVIET WINTER AND
COUNTERATTACKS
5.GERMAN REFUSAL TO RELENT
PACIFIC AND EUROPEAN
THEATERS OF WORLD WAR II
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1.PACIFIC THEATER
2.The Pacific Theater of Operations
(PTO) was the World War II military
activity in the Pacific Ocean and the
countries bordering it, a geographic
scope that reflected the operational and
administrative command structures of
the period's American forces.
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3.EUROPEAN THEATER
4. The European Theatre of Operations
(ETO) was an area of heavy fighting across
Europe, during World War II, from Nazi
Germany's invasion of Poland on September
1, 1939 until the end of the war with the
German unconditional surrender on May 8,
1945 (V-E Day). The Allied forces fought the
Axis powers in three sub-theatres: the Eastern
Front, the Western Front, and the
Mediterranean Theatre.
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1. IN BOTH THEATERS, DUE TO
FIGHTING AND VAST EXPANSE, IT
WAS DIFFICULT FOR THE USA TO
DELIVER WEAPONS, FOOD AND
MEDICINES TO TROOPS,
ESPECIALLY IN THE VAST PACIFIC.
RESULTS OF WORLD WAR II
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1.AXIS DEFEAT
2.DESTRUCTION, DEVASTATION, LOSS OF
LIFE
3.HOLOCAUST
4.UNITED NATIONS
5.RISE OF SUPERPOWERS, USA, USSR
6.COLD WAR
7.DIVIDED GERMANY
8.NUCLEAR AGE