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Transcript
Warm-Up Question • In your notebooks write down this question: Q: How did this happen? Play Me: Let's take a look... After we watch the video, write your answer in your notebook. The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations No control of major conflicts. No progress in disarmament. No effective military force. The Road to War • 1936 – Hitler says “NO THANKS” to League of Nations/Treaty of V. • Remobilizes the Rhineland • France unwilling to go to war. • Britain urges appeasement What is appeasement? Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936 1 month later Japan joins and the trio is now the “Axis Powers” U. S. Isolationism • American’s support isolationism (?) – Belief that political ties to other countries should be avoided • U.S. Neutrality Acts: banning sale of arms to nations at war. • American is staying away…for now…. Hitler Makes First Move Germans invade Austria • Look at page 492 • March 1938 – Annex’s Austria • Faces NO consequences • Sets sites on Czechoslovakia Evaluating Mrs. Long! 1) On a scale of 1-10, 1 being the worst and 10 being the best, what score would you give me for my time in class so far and why? 2) Do you like the assignments you have been doing? Why or why not? (ex: Lenin Project, Revolutionary Racket, Trench Letter) 3) Is there anything you want to do more off or less of? Why? 4) Any other comments for Mrs. Long? Tell me! (ex: I like….. Or I don’t like….) What is the moral of this story? The “Problem” of the Sudetenland The Munich Conference – Sept. 29, 1938 – Musso. Proposes meeting w/ Italy, German, Britain & France re: Czech – France & Britain give into Hitler’s demands to maintain peace & avoid war • Agree to give Sudetenland immediately to Hitler (!) – Hitler “agrees” to respect Czech. Borders Appeasement strikes again! Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938 British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with. Czechoslovakia Becomes Part of the Third Reich: 1939 The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, 1939 War Appears Inevitable Warm-up! Welcome Back! Today YOU recap for me. In 5-7 sentences tell me where we left off “Last Time in World History!” Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939 Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”] German Troops March into Warsaw Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis, 1940 The Tripartite Pact Warm-up! – To refresh your memory, skim over Chapter 16, section 1 on page. 496. While you do, in your notebook write down the words or phrases in blue as well as their definitions. A true WORLD War… Fight for Europe: Battle of Britain: The “Blitz” Battle of Britain: The “Blitz” The Royal Air Force British Prime Minister Winston Churchill The Battle of Britain The Atlantic Charter Roosevelt and Churchill sign treaty of friendship in August 1941. Solidifies alliance. Call for free trade among nations and the right of people to choose their own government Battle in North Africa • *Mussolini tries to gain control of Suez Canal. • Successful at first, but Allies regroup and push back 500 miles by 1941 • Hitler steps into and appoints General Erwin Rommel “Desert Fox” • Allies suffer defeat Warm-up! – On a piece of paper, tell me who you have chosen for your WWII Facebook project and why. I will be collecting this. Operation Barbarossa: Hitler’s Biggest Mistake The “Big Three” Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin The Fight for Europe • The “Big Three” decide to strike in N.F. first “Operation Torch” • Led by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower • Defeat Rommel! • Set eyes on Italy next Battle of Stalingrad: Winter of 1942-1943 • Hitler orders attack on Stalingrad (oil rich) • Luftwaffe blitz city with bombs • Nazi’s control 90% of city…then winter hits • Soviets counterattack and frozen/starving Nazi’s surrender • KEY TURNING POINT IN EAST Invasion of Italy • July 10, 1943 – Allies attack Italy and take Sicily • Musso. is toppled from power and arrested, but escapes! Axis powers retreat North • April 1945: Allies finally defeat Germans & Italians in Northern Italy • Mussolini disguised as a soldier is spotted, is hanged in town square D-Day: Invasion of Normandy • General Eisenhower is named Allied Supreme Commander in Europe • June 6 1944: Allies launch an invasion of the beaches in N. France 1 50K allied troops land:27K killed on first day One month later, one million more Allied troops arrive – Allies winning Great Britain Battle of the Bulge • Allies next turned their attention to invading Germany. • Brits. and American troops pushed in from the west and the Soviets advanced from the east (“bulge”) • Dec. 1944, the Germans launched a last-ditch counterattack…they lose, Allies win!! Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945 Cyanide & Pistols The Führer’s Bunker Mr. & Mrs. Hitler Berlin Falls! May 2, 1945 V-E Day (May 8, 1945) Allies win in Europe!!!! Japan’s Pacific Campaign What causes the US to enter WWII? December 7th, 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor “A Date Which Will Live In Infamy” Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto The Pacific War • FDR asks congress to declare war 1 day after attack • Jan 1942: Japan attacks US in Guam, Wake Island, Philippines • Feb 1942: Japan attacks British in Malaya, Hong Kong, Burma Bataan Death March: April, 1942 76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to POW camps in the Philippines. Allied Counter-Offensive: “Island-Hopping” or “Leap-Frogging” Gen. Douglas MacArthur Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle: First U. S. Raids on Tokyo, 1942 • US Col. James Doolittle leads bombing attack of Tokyo • Little damage is done, but shows Japan is vulnerable to air attacks Key Battles Battle of the Coral Sea Battle of Midway • May 1942: Japan advancing south. Both sides use aircraft carriers. Allies able to stop Japan’s advances • June 1942: Allied code breakers know Admiral Yamamoto is planning an attack on Midway • Americans launch sneak attack on Japs and attack fleet • Turning point in Pacific offensive Gen. MacArthur “Returns” to the Philippines! [1944] Japanese Kamikaze Planes: Suicide Bombers Kamikaze Pilots Play Me US Marines Island-hop closer to Japan Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945] Okinawa (bloodiest battle in Pacific) 350 miles for Japan Changing of the Guard • F.D.R. dies on 4/12/45 and Harry Truman is sworn in • Truman has a big decision to make • Learns about the “Manhattan Project” Hiroshima – August 6, 1945 © 70,000 killed immediately. © 48,000 buildings. destroyed. © 100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later. Nagasaki – August 9, 1945 © 40,000 killed immediately. © 60,000 injured. © 100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later. V-J Day (September 2, 1945) WARM-UP! The Holocaust Eli Wiesel Slave Labor at Buchenwald Hitler’s Vision • Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany in 1933 • Wants an Aryan Germany (“master race”) • Nazi party claims all non-Aryan’s are inferior • Blind, irrational hate for Jews The First “Solution”: 1933-1939 • Goal: Force German Jews to emigrate out of their country. • Laws strictly against Jews – Banned Kosher butchers, limited number of Jewish students in public schools & universities, burned thousands of books by Jewish authors • Nuremberg Laws: 1935, Hitler announces 2 basic laws to Jews: 1.Reich citizenship: only those of German/Aryan blood were citizens, all others "subjects" 2.No marriage between Jews + Aryans The First “Solution”: 1933-1939 • 1938, Jews forced to give away and sell their property. – Doctors & lawyers can’t practice • Kristallnacht "Night of Broken Glass" -Nov.9-10, 1938 Nazi's loot Jewish shops, businesses, burn synagogues, 1,000 Jews murdered The Second “Solution”: 1939-1941 • Expel Jews from Third Reich. • War provides a smokescreen for genocide • Nazi's start to gather Jews in controlled territories and send them to ghettos • Concentration Camps (labor camps) established – slave labor conditions with little or no food. • By 1941, Jews couldn't escape or get help, Allies had no communication with people in Nazi territories The “Final Solution”: 1941-1945 • German troops are followed by mobile killing units to eliminate Jews • Jews forces to dig own graves and executed • Establish 6 death camps (Auschwitz) • Process: Gas chambers, bodies burned in crematoria, processions are stolen Murder by Numbers • By 1945, 70% of Poland's Jews were murdered • 1,500,000 Soviet Jews • 90,000 French Jews • 100,000 Dutch Jews • 60% of Belgium's Jews and 50% of Norway's Jews were murdered • 6,000,000 European Jews died during the Holocaust