Download World War II

World War II
Goal 10
World War II Vocabulary
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2.
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11.
Appeasement
Holocaust
Lend-Lease Act
Women’s Auxiliary Army Corp
A. Philip Randolph
Manhattan Project
War Production Board
D-Day
Nuremberg trials
GI Bill of Rights
Internment
1940-1949 Questions for Video:
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10.
What was America’s position regarding WWII prior to
the spring of ’40? What events changed that?
What happened on Dec. 7, ’41?
What was D-Day?
When & where was the atomic bomb dropped?
How did Americans help with the war effort?
What happened to Japanese Americans in California
after Pearl Harbor?
Describe post-war America.
Who was Jackie Robinson?
Who were Mussolini, Hirohito, and Hitler?
What kind of relationship did FDR & Churchill form?
1940-1949 Video
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Who was Dwight D. Eisenhower?
Who was Douglas MacArthur?
How did entertainers aid the war effort?
Who was the most famous entertainer during
the war?
What was the most awesome technological
achievement of the decade?
What roles did women play during the war?
Describe the fashions of the ’40s.
Define “baby boom.”
Yalta Conference
1.
What did Stalin hope for Germany after the war?
Divided into occupation zones; Germany to punished
harshly!
2. Why did Roosevelt act as a mediator between Stalin
and Churchill? 1. help in fighting Japan 2. wanted
Soviet Union to join the UN (peace keeping
organization)
3. List the compromises made at the Yalta Conference.
*** Germany divided into 4 areas (US, SU, Britain,
France)
Navajo Code Talkers
Read “Historical Spotlight: Navajo Code Talkers”
on page 785 (red Americans), and answer the
questions below:
1. What was the American code that baffled the
Japanese?
2. What was the job of the code talkers?
3. Why do you think it took 27 years for the code
talkers to be recognized for their service?
Causes of World War II
1. The terms of the Treaty of Versailles fail
2. Dictators take control of Europe and
Asia
3. The appeasement of Germany fails
4. Pearl Harbor attacked by Japan
Treaty of Versailles violated
• Germany was upset by the terms of the
treaty (especially the “war guilt”
clause), and it rearmed.
• Many of the war-torn nations in Europe
looked to dictators to rule rather than
starting democracies (totalitarian
governments)
Dictators take control
• Joseph Stalin replaced
Lenin as the leader of
the Soviet Union
(former Russia).
• He was a Communist
dictator.
• Benito Mussolini took
control of Italy as a
totalitarian ruler.
• He was Fascist
(stressed nationalism;
placed interests of the
nation over individuals;
one dictator).
• Mussolini invaded
Ethiopia in 1935; Hitler
offered to help him.
• The League of Nations
condemned the
invasion, but did not
force Italy out of
Ethiopia.
•
•
Adolf Hitler took control
of Germany.
He established the Nazi
Party (extreme
nationalism) with the
hopes of creating a
German empire through
military expansion and
racism.
• Hitler took advantage of
the German people’s
resentment caused by
WWI.
• He was known as the
“Fuhrer” (leader, or guide).
• His new government was
called the Third Reich.
•
•
Hideki Tojo was the
military leader &
prime minister of
Japan.
The Japanese military
invaded Manchuria
(part of China) to
obtain more
resources the nation
needed.
•
•
•
Hitler preached that the
Germans deserved
additional Lebensraum, or
living space.
Hitler was an emotional
speaker who had a
mesmerizing effect on
those who listened.
By 1938, he had amassed
the best-equipped, besttrained army in the world.
Other Key World Leaders
Franklin Roosevelt:
United States
Charles DeGalle:
France
Winston Churchill:
Great Britain
ALLIES
United States
France
Britain
Soviet Union
Italy (later in the War)
AXIS
Germany
Japan
Italy (switched to the
Allies)
American Neutrality
•
American chose to stay out of the European
conflict for the following three reasons:
1. The devastation of WWI
2. Isolationism
3. Concerns about the Great Depression
•
Congress passed the Neutrality Act of 1935
prohibiting the sell of weapons to warring
nations.
German Aggression
•
•
•
Hitler moved
troops into the
Rhineland in
1936.
Fearing another
war, Britain and
France did
nothing.
Hitler then annexed Austria to Germany (he
also wanted to annex the Sudetenland &
Czechoslovakia).
Munich Pact
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Even though Italy & Germany displayed aggression
in Europe, France & Britain chose to follow a policy
of appeasement.
Appeasement is a policy that states by giving in to
an aggressor’s demands, the aggressor will be
satisfied and future conflicts can be avoided.
They solidified this policy in the Munich Pact.
This pact allowed Hitler to take of the Sudetenland,
if he would claim no other land.
German-Soviet Non-aggression Pact
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•
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Hitler set his sights on the
Soviet Union, but signed a
non-aggression pact with
Stalin promising not to
invade .
Hitler wanted to invade
France first so he wouldn’t
have to fight on two fronts.
Meanwhile, Stalin started
getting prepared for war
with Germany.
Jewish Holocaust
•
•
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Hitler created the concept of a “Master
Race” of pure Germans, which he called
Aryans.
Hitler wanted to eliminate the Jews; he
accused them of causing the German
economic depression.
Hitler conducted a systematic genocide of
the Jews in Germany & surrounding nations,
known as the Holocaust.
Germany invades Poland
•
•
Hitler invaded Poland
and conducted a type of
warfare called blitzkrieg,
which means “lightning
war.”
Germany used air power
and tanks to strike hard
and fast, moving rapidly
into Poland
•
Poland fell within a month.
•
Britain & France declared war on Germany.
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•
Germany conquered
Denmark, Norway,
Belgium, and the
Netherlands.
Germany took control
of Paris, France.
The Battle of Britain
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Hitler didn’t include Britain in its plan to obtain more
“living space”.
Because Britain would not make peace with
Germany, Germany began bombing British cities
The Battle of Britain
lasted three months &
Hitler gave up his
plans of invading
Great Britain by land.
The Lend Lease Act
•
•
Roosevelt knew neutrality
would not last and
proclaimed “If Great Britain
goes down, all of us in the
Americas would be living at
the point of a gun… We
must be the great arsenal of
democracy.”
In 1941, Congress passed the
Lend Lease Act, which sent
aid (money, weapons &
supplies) to any nation
whose defense was
considered vital to U. S.
national security.
The Atlantic Charter
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..
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Roosevelt met with Churchill in 1941 to create the
Atlantic Charter.
They agreed on
common principles
aimed a guaranteeing
the freedom and
welfare of countries
after the war.
This document
eventually served as
the basis for the
founding the United Nations.
Japanese Aggression
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After Japan invaded China, America placed an
embargo (refusal to ship products to a nation) on
oil & steel on Japan.
In need of these resources, Japan decided it would
take what it needed by force from other islands in
the Pacific.
Japan decided to bomb
the U. S. military base at
Pearl Harbor so it could
take control of the Pacific.
Bombing of Pearl Harbor
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On December 7, 1941, the
Japanese bombed the
American Pacific fleet at
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
12 ships & 200 warplanes
were destroyed; 3000
people killed or wounded.
The next day, Congress
declared war against
Japan, then Germany &
Italy.
The U. S. had entered
World War II.
Upon hearing the news that the United
States had entered the war…
We’ve won
the war!
We have
awakened a
sleeping giant
Women in the workforce
Rosie the Riveter
Four Freedoms
As the U.S. became involved in the
war, Roosevelt declared that “Four
Freedoms” were central to the
cause.
Freedom of
speech &
expression
Freedom of
every person
to worship
God in his
own way
Freedom
from want
(not having
physical
needs)
Freedom
from fear
World War II European Battles
Battle
Stalingrad
North Africa
Italy
D-Day (Invasion
of France)
Battle of the
Bulge
Dates
Describe
Significance/
Outcome
Invasion of the Soviet Union
• In June of 1941, Germany invaded the
Soviet Union.
• The Germans were especially brutal
to the Soviets, raping women,
burning homes, & executing
civilians.
• The Soviets held their position at
Stalingrad.
The Battle of Stalingrad
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The city was in shambles, but
the Soviets held off the
German advance.
As winter approached, the
Russians regained strength as
the Germans froze!
The German troops
surrendered.
War in North Africa
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By the time America had entered the war, Germany
had invaded the Soviet Union.
Stalin hoped America & Britain would go into France
to relieve some of his troops.
America & Britain, however, focused their attention in
North Africa.
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower (commander of the
American forces in Europe) successfully led the Allies
against the Axis powers.
This was the first major victory of the Allies & showed
that the Allied victory of the war was possible.
Casablanca Conference
• During the fighting in North Africa, Churchill &
Roosevelt met in Casablanca, Morocco .
• They agreed on the
following:
1. Italy should be invaded next;
2. It was time to launch an
offensive against Japan; and
3. They would only accept an
unconditional surrender (the
victors set all the conditions of
surrender with the losers
having no say) from the enemy.
Invasion of Italy
•
•
The Allied invasion of
Italy was led by Gen.
George Patton.
The fighting was
fierce and lasted
almost 2 years with
190,000 American
casualties (September
1943- May 1945).
Tehran Conference
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•
•
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Roosevelt, Churchill,
and Stalin met in
Tehran, Iran in
December 1943.
Stalin wanted the Allies
to invade France to
create a second front
against Hitler.
Gen. Dwight Eisenhower was named commander of
Operation Overlord, the invasion of France.
The Allies began by bombing French railroads to cut
off German supply lines.
Dwight Eisenhower
General Dwight D. Eisenhower, the
supreme commander
of Allied forces, meets with
paratroopers at an airfield in
England on June 5, 1944, the eve of
the D-Day invasion
of Normandy, France.
D-Day
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On June 6, 1944, a force of about 120,000 Allied
soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy in
northern France.
D-Day, as it was called by the Allies, was the
largest seaborne invasion in history.
The invasion at Normandy took the Germans
by surprise, but they fought the invasion
fiercely.
By August of 1944, the Allies had made it to
Paris & liberated the city from four years of
German occupation.
Battle of the Bulge
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Once in France, the Allies were able to push
toward Germany.
The Battle of the Bulge was the last German
offensive of World War II.
It was launched at the end of 1944 in an attempt
to divide the British and American forces and
retake Belgium.
The German attack failed… overall German
defeat was expected.
Yalta Conference
• Expecting
German defeat,
the Big Three
(Roosevelt,
Stalin &
Churchill) met
in Feb. 1945 in
•
Yalta.
They discussed military
strategies and postwar
policies.
V-E Day
•
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On April 30, 1945 (two months after the Yalta
Conference), Hitler committed suicide because he
knew German defeat was certain.
One week later, Germany surrendered
unconditionally ending the war in Europe (V-E Day
= Victory in Europe Day).
Japanese Advances
•
Japan had taken over Hong Kong, French
Indochina, Malaya, Burma, Thailand, Dutch East
Indies, Guam, Wake Island, the Solomon Islands,
islands in the Aleutian chain (Alaska) and much of
China.
Gen. Douglas MacArthur
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Gen. MacArthur was in
charge of the American
Pacific forces.
When the Japanese
invaded the
Philippines,
MacArthur was forced
to leave but pledged to
return.
Battle of Midway
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The Allies succeeded in stopping the
Japanese at the Battle of Midway.
This battle is considered the turning point of
the Pacific War.
After this, Allies began the strategy of “island
hopping,” winning island by island until they
won land from the Japanese and eventually
reached Japan.
The Japanese used kamikazes (suicide planes) to attack
Allied ships (sunk 16 ships and damaged 80).
Iwo Jima
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After retaking the
Philippines, the Allies
went to take over the
island of Iwo Jima.
This was the bloodiest
battle of the Pacific to
that point (6000
Marines died).
It held an important
strategic location for an
Allied base.
Battle for Okinawa
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When the Allies invaded Okinawa, Japan,
the kamikazes unleashed almost 2000
attacks.
This was a VERY bloody battle, but it
opened the way for an invasion of Japan.
The Allies knew that many lives would be
lost as the Japanese tried to defend their
homeland.
Atomic Bomb Ends the War
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Rather than risking so many American lives, Pres. Harry S.
Truman decided to use a new weapon to defeat Japan, the
atomic bomb.
The Manhattan Project (the
name of the development of
the atomic bomb) was led
by J. Robert Oppenheimer.
The Allies bombed
Hiroshima, then Nagasaki.
Emperor Hirohito
surrendered on September 2,
1945 (V-J Day).
World War II was over!
Japanese Occupation
• Japan was then occupied by U.S. forces
under the command of Gen. MacArthur.
• Several government officials were tried
and put to death.
• Japan’s economy & government were
reshaped during the seven year
occupation.
•
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•
Nuremburg Trials
Twenty-four Nazi leaders were put on trial for
the atrocities of the Holocaust (Nuremburg
Trials).
Twelve were sentenced to death, and many
other were found guilty of war crimes and
placed in jail.
Significance:
Individuals are
responsible for their
actions during war and
cannot claim they were
“following orders”.
African American Migration
• Another African American migration
occurred between 1940-1950.
• African Americans moved to northern
cities and to California in search of
work.
• The rapid growth of war industries led
the nation out of the Great Depression.
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GI Bill of Rights
After the war, Congress
passed the GI Bill of
Rights, providing
education and training for
veterans paid by the
federal government.
Approximately 7.8 million
veterans attended college
under the GI Bill.
Veterans were also given
loans to buy home and
farm and start new
businesses.
Japanese Internment Camps
•
Fear and prejudice of Japan, led America to
establish internment (confinement) camps for
Japanese Americans (Nisei) during the war.
•
Roosevelt
approved this as a
way to ensure
national security.
Japanese Internment Camps
WWII Study Guide
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Causes of the war in Europe & Pacific (dictators, terms of T of
V, appeasement- Munich Pact- fails because Germany invades
Poland)
European battles/Pacific battles & significance of each
Soviet non-aggression pact; Yalta Conference; Nuremburg
Trials, what happens to Germany & Japan?
Eisenhower, MacArthur
“living space,” blitzkrieg, kamikaze, island hopping
American neutrality (Neutrality Act of 1935) is repealed in the
Lend Lease Act
Purpose 4 freedoms
War effort at home (women, African Americans, Navajo code
talkers)