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CH1201 March 2014 THE ROAD TO WORLD WAR II IN EUROPE ADOLPH HITLER Leader of the Nazi He blamed Communists & Jews for the loss of German pride & defeat in the First World War In January 1933, became to power in Germany & immediately began to challenge the Treaty of Versailles Immediately adapted an aggressive foreign policy, which led to war. ADOLPH HITLER Hitler's aims were aggressive, & he openly stated them in his book "Mein Kampf" in 1924: Question #1 Destroy the Treaty of Versailles. Create a Greater Germany (a country of all the German people). Lebensraum (living space) to conquer land for Germany in Eastern Europe. THE ROAD TO WAR Once he came to power, Hitler set about doing exactly what he had said he would do For each of his actions between 1935 & 1939, you can see which aim(s) he was fulfilling by undertaking 1935 - Rearmament 1936 - Remilitarisation of the Rhineland 1938 - Anschluss with Austria 1938 - The annexation of the Sudetenland 1939 - The invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939 - The invasion of Poland HITLER & REARMAMENT Hitler promised to reestablish Germany as a world power in the face of Versailles Treaty Withdrew German from the League of Nations He implemented rearmament Question #2 (army / navy / air force / tanks / tactics) Question #3: Blitzkrieg or lightening– combined use of air force, artillery, tanks &, infantry in attack Rearmament helped German unemployment drop from 6 million in 1931 to just over 1 million by 1937 HITLER & EXPANSION In addition to breaching the Versailles Treaty through rearmament, Hitler also began a policy of territorial expansion in Europe beginning in 1936 Question #4: His goal was to expand Germany’s borders & reacquire territory that had been stripped from Germany following the First World War This would help to restore Germany as a major power in Europe MARCH ’36…RHINELAND Prior to WWI & Versailles it belonged to Germany but following WWI it became a DMZ under League of Nation control (occupied by allied troops) Hitler was determined to get it back & in March 1936 he peacefully invaded. It was the first outright violation of the Versailles Treaty Question #5: Britain & France were not prepared for war so they did not act Hitler now set his sights on Eastern Europe MARCH ’38…AUSTRIA Hitler wanted all Germans living within new German state…..the Reich. Anschluss (Union) Question #6: Hitler argued that many Germans lived in Austria so it should be part of Germany. March ’38 Nazi forces entered Austria. Once again Britain & France did nothing…..didn’t want to risk another war. SEPT ’38…SUDETENLAND Question #7: This territory was located in northwestern Czechoslovakia It was taken from Germany in 1919 (3 million German speaking people living there). Question #8: It was important for Czechoslovakia because most of the countries heavy industry & defenses were there Czechs wanted to fight but Britain & France would not support them SEPT ’38…MUNICH AGREEMENT Question #9: The leaders of Britain & France met with Hitler in Munich & decided to give Germany the Sudetenland in return for Hitler’s promise to not make any further territorial demands in Europe SEPT ’38…MUNICH AGREEMENT The western powers hoped to save the world from war Czechs were not invited Hitler promised it was going to be his last territorial demand British Prime Minister Chamberlain stated this agreement would bring “Peace in our Time” Britain & France used the policy of appeasement to deal with Hitler. Why give in to his demands? MARCH ’39…CZECHOSLOVAKIA Britain, France, stood by as Germany occupied all of Czechoslovakia Munich Agreement was broken by Hitler Question 11: Britain & France declared to stand up to future German aggression by Hitler in Europe Why did appeasement fail? MARCH ’39…CZECHOSLOVAKIA AUGUST ’39…NAZI-SOVIET PACT Question #12: The world was shocked in August 1939 when the Nazi-Soviet Pact was announced AUGUST ’39…NAZI-SOVIET PACT Both promised not to attack each other in the event of war They also secretly agreed to divide Poland which secured Germany’s eastern border from a Soviet invasion This also allowed Germany to concentrate on a war against Britain & France…eliminate a two-front war as in WWI SEPT ’39…INVASION OF POLAND Question 13: Hitler demanded Polish Corridor be handed back to Germany When Poland refused Germany invaded using “Blitzkrieg” on Sept 1st, 1939 Question 14: Britain & France came to Poland’s aid & declared war on Sept 3, 1939 ROAD TO WORLD WAR II Here’s a neat review activity from the BBC Road to World War II http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/m wh/ir1/war2act.shtml