Download D-DAY

Remember: We decided
to attack Hitler first
But, we sent a small force to the Pacific to
attempt to keep Japan busy until we could
focus on them… and for a little payback
Write the Purple on Chart- (a#4)
And the Green/White into Prez NB
Early Pacific Front
A. After the assault on Pearl Harbor, Japan
launched widespread attacks on various
areas in the Pacific and East.
B. Included: Guam, Wake, and the Philippines,
Hong Kong, British Malaya, and Burma.
C. The United States was sending supplies to
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kei-Shek) in China to
help with resistance against Japan.
Japan, Philippines, Hawaii
General Douglas MacArthur
(29) Bataan Death March
A. General Douglas MacArthur
commanded the US in the
Philippines and slowed the
Japanese for 5 months. 20,000
American Soldiers and a large
number of Filipinos withdrew to
Bataan – near Manila.
B. The force held off Japan until April 9,
1942 – MacArthur was ordered to
leave for Australia until more forces
could come – but he proclaimed “I
shall return.”
C. The men he left behind were
treated with vicious cruelty and were
forced to march 65 miles to a
prisoner-of-war camp – known as
the Bataan Death March.
Bataan Death March
11,700 Americans and as many as 65,000 Filipinos began the 65-mile march from the Bataan
Peninsula to San Fernando. Of those, between 600 and 700 Americans and between 5,000 and
10,000 Filipinos died on the march. One of the highest rates of POW death in World War II
Liberation for most came by August 1945.
We move to defeat
Germany and Italy
THE BATTLE OF THE 
ATLANTIC
Jan 1941-May 1945
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The power of the German submarines was great, and in
two months' time almost two million tons of Allied ships
were resting on the ocean floor. Efforts were soon made to
restrict German subs' activities.
After America’s entry into
the war, Hitler was
determined to prevent foods
and war supplies from
reaching Britain and the
USSR from America’s east
coast.
He ordered submarine raids
on U.S. ships on the Atlantic.
During the first four months
of 1942 Germany sank 87
U.S. ships .
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In the first seven months of 1942,
German U-boats sank 681 Allied
ships in the Atlantic.
Something had to be done or the
war at sea would be lost.
First, Allies used convoys of ships
& airplanes to transport supplies.
Destroyers used sonar to track Uboats.
Airplanes were used to track the
U-boats ocean surfaces.
With this improved tracking, Allies
inflicted huge losses on German Uboats.
ALLIES
CONTROL
U-BOATS
U-426 sinks after attack from the air,
January 1944. Almost two-thirds of all
U-boat sailors died during the Battle of
the Atlantic.
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THE EASTERN FRONT &
MEDITERRANEAN
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Hitler wanted to wipe out
Stalingrad, Soviet Union–
a major industrial center.
In the summer of 1942,
the Germans took the
offensive in the southern
Soviet Union.
By the winter of 1943, the
Allies began to see
victories on land as well as
sea.
The first great turning
point was the Battle of
Stalingrad.
Battle of Stalingrad was a huge Allied
victory
• For weeks the Germans pressed in on
Stalingrad.
• Then winter set in and the Germans
were wearing summer uniforms.
• The Germans surrendered in January of
1943.
Wounded in the Battle
of Stalingrad
• The Soviets lost more than 1 million
men in the battle (more than twice the
number of deaths the U.S.
suffered in all the war).
(31) THE NORTH
AFRICAN FRONTOperation Torch
American tanks roll in the deserts of
Africa and defeat German and Axis
forces.
“Operation Torch” – an invasion of Axis -controlled
North Africa --was launched by American General
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Dwight D. Eisenhower in November 1942.
The Allies wanted to attack the “soft underbelly”
of Europe- through Italy.
Allied troops landed in Algeria.
They sped eastward chasing the Afrika Korps led by German
General Edwin Rommel the “desert Fox.”
Allied
troops
landed
in
Casablanca,
Oran
and the
Algiers
TUSKEGEE
AIRMEN
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Among the brave men who fought in
Italy were pilots of the all-black 99th
squadron – the Tuskegee Airmen.
The pilots made numerous effective
strikes against Germany and won two
distinguished Unit Citations .
On May 31, 1943, the 99th Squadron,
the first group of African-American
pilots trained at the Tuskegee Institute,
arrived in North Africa.
Moving North to Italy- the “Soft
Underbelly of Europe…
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The Italian Campaign got off to a good
start as the Allies easily took Sicily.
At that point King Emmanuel III
stripped Mussolini of his power and
had him arrested.
However, Hitler’s forces continued to
resist the Allies in Italy.
Heated battles ensued and it wasn’t
until 1945 that Italy was secured by
the Allies.
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German-Italian army surrendered in May
1943 in North Africa – the focus then
turned to Italy.
September 1943 Allied troops moved into
Italy.
Rome was taken on June 4, 1944
Rome was first Axis capitol to fall.
It took until May 2, 1945 for the rest
of the Axis troops to stop fighting in
Italy.
h. Mussolini tried to escape with his
mistress to Switzerland – both were
shot to death on April 28 –their
bodies were brought to Milan and
dumped into a large square, mobs of
angry Italians trampled the bodies.
The bodies were then strung with
wire and hung upside down.
D-DAY: ALLIES LIBERATE EUROPE
Allies sent fake coded
messages indicating
they would attack
here.
We actually landed on
5 beaches in
Normandy, France.
…Utah, Juno, Omaha,
Gold, Sword
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Even as the Allies were battling for Italy, they began plans on a
dramatic invasion of France.
It was known as “Operation Overlord” and the commander was
American General Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Also called “D-Day,” the operation involved 3 million U.S. &
British troops and was set for June 6, 1944.
D-Day Invasion of France
a. Teheran, Iran (November 28 –
December 1, 1943)– conference
between Stalin, Churchill and
Roosevelt to plan for an Allied
invasion of France.
b. Britain and the U.S. would attack France
from the west and the Soviets would
attack from the east at the same time.
General Dwight D. Eisenhower was
in command of all Allied forces.
(36) June 6, 1944 – D-day
“Operation Overlord” – a surprise
landing on the beaches of Normandy,
France- for an Allied invasion to take
France back from Hitler and begin
Germany’s defeat.
e. 100,000 Allied troops landed in 2 days
– by July 1, over 1 million men were
inside the beachhead.
D- Day InvasionOperation Overlord
June 6, 1944
D-DAY
JUNE 6, 1944
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D-Day was an amphibious landing – soldiers
going from sea to land
D-Day was the largest
land-sea-air operation in
military history.
Despite air support,
German retaliation was
brutal – especially at
Omaha Beach.
Within a month, the Allies
had landed 1 million
troops, 567,000 tons of
supplies and 170,000
vehicles.
OMAHA BEACH 6/6/44
Landing at Normandy
Planes drop paratroopers behind enemy lines at Normandy, France
Losses were extremely heavy
on D-Day. There is no
"official" casualty figure for
D-Day. Estimates are 10,000
casualties, including 2,500
dead.
“Casualties” refers to all
losses suffered by the armed
forces: killed, wounded,
missing in action (meaning
that their bodies were not
found) and prisoners of war.
The breakdown of US
casualties was 1,465 dead,
3,184 wounded, 1,928
missing and 26 captured.
The total German casualties
on D-Day are not known, but
are estimated as being
between 4,000 and 9,000
men.
FRANCE
FREED
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By September 1944, the Allies
had freed France, Belgium and
Luxembourg.
Our focus moved to Berlin,
Germany.
That good news – and the
American’s people’s desire not
to “change horses in
midstream” – helped elect FDR
to an unprecedented 4th term.
General George Patton (right) was
instrumental in Allies freeing
France.
(37) Presidential Election of 1944
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)
VP: Harry Truman
and Thomas Dewey(R)
November 1944 Election
FDR wins 4th term!
Electoral votes: FDR 432 to Dewey 99
Red=Roosevelt Blue=Dewey
BATTLE OF THE BULGE
Dec 16, 1944 - Jan 25, 1945
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In October 1944, Americans
captured their first German
town (Aachen)– the Allies were
closing in.
Hitler responded with one last
ditch massive offensive.
Hitler hoped breaking through
the Allied line would break up
Allied supply lines.
(39) BATTLE OF THE BULGE
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The Battle of the Bulge was Germany’s
last gasp
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The battle raged for a month –
the Germans had been pushed
back.
Little seemed to have changed,
but in fact the Germans had
sustained heavy losses.
Germany lost 120,000
troops, 600 tanks and 1,600
planes.
From that point on the
Nazis could do little but
retreat.
(41) Yalta Conference
Second meeting between Stalin,
Churchill and Roosevelt -agreement
that the priority was the defeat of
Germany, her unconditional surrender,
with a partition into four occupied
zones, with a division occupation of
Berlin as well.
Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin
Yalta Conference; Feb 4-11, 1945
(43) On April 12, 1945 FDR died.
He suffered a massive cerebral hemorrhage and stroke and
died (at Warm Springs, GA – “The Little White House”) –
(Truman#1) his VP Harry S Truman became the nation’s 33rd
president.
Final Days of Hitler
a. March 1945 American troops
reached Germany’s Rhine River.
b. Americans were horrified to find the German
concentration camps of the Jews.
c. Nazis engaged in mass murder of the
“undesirables” – an estimated 6 million
Jews were murdered.
d. It was not known until the war’s end about
the atrocities of the Holocaust.
LIBERATION OF DEATH CAMPS
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While the British and Americans
moved westward into Germany,
the Soviets moved eastward into
German-controlled Poland.
The Soviets discovered many
death camps that the Germans
had set up within Poland.
The Americans also liberated Nazi
death camps within Germany.
e. The Soviets reached Berlin first and were
very vengeful to the Germans.
f. April 29 – Hitler married his long-time
mistress Eva Braun, April 30 Hitler and
Eva committed suicide (poisoned her
and shot himself) – aides burned the
bodies in the Chancellery garden (#2
Truman.)
Not really him dead- the soviets put this
picture out as propaganda
j. May 8, 1945 – Victory in Europe – VE Day –
The celebration of official surrender of
Germany in Berlin celebrated the 7th in
Paris- (#3 Truman)
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Celebrating in New York City Streets
Now we go back to
take care of Japanblister those
britches!!!