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World War II: Continued
• Before the war
• US enters the war
• The front lines
• The Pacific
• Europe
• End of War
• Liberating concentration camps
• The Homefront
• Japanese Internment
• Sacrifice and rationing
• Women
• Double V
• Zoot Suit Riots
Front Lines > Some key events of World War II
• December 1941 - Pearl Harbor
• February 1942 - Executive Order mandates internment of Japanese Americans
• May-June 1942 - US wins naval superiority in the Pacific
• November 1942 - US lands in North Africa
• January 1943 - Casablanca Conference announces unconditional surrender policy
• February 1943 - Soviet victory over Germans in Stalingrad
• May 1943 - German troops surrender in Africa
• July 1943 - Allied invasion of Italy
• June-August 1944 - US lands in Normandy; liberates Paris
• November 1944 - FDR is elected to fourth term
• February 1945 - Yalta conference renews US-Soviet alliance
• February-June 1945 - US captures Iwo Jima and Okinawa
• April 1945 - FDR dies; Harry Truman becomes president
• May 1945 - Germany surrenders
• August 1945 - US drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Japan surrenders
Front Lines > War in Europe
Front Lines > Wartime broadcasts of Edward Murrow and others from London:
Trafalgar Square, Rooftop air raid report, and US bombing run
Front Lines > Cartoon from Yank: The Army Weekly, 1943
Front Lines > Ben Hurwitz, inside a troop ship, 1943
Front Lines > An African American GI escorts captured German soldiers
Front Lines > War in the Pacific
Front Lines > War in the Pacific from the soldiers’ point of view
U.S. Marine, Guam, 1944
This foxhole is about two feet deep.
Now, I would like to be able to speak
louder and with more clarity, but
unfortunately, the slightest noise, the
slightest rustle, will draw fire not only
from the Japanese, who are someplace,
perhaps, in the dense foliage around us
or up on the ridge, but from our own
Marines who are huddled nearby in
foxholes like this one. I don’t know
how they [the Japanese] do it. We can
lie here absolutely breathless listening
to the slightest sounds and not see
anything—in fact, not hear anything—
and then we wake up and find that
they’re all around us. And it’s a very
tough and tedious job to root them out,
[inaudible] them and exterminate them.
We lost quite a few people in our unit.
A very popular captain was killed.
Yoshida Kashichi, Guadalcanal, 1942
No matter how far we walk
We don’t know where we’re going
Trudging along under dark jungle growth
When will this march end?
Hide during the day
Move at night
Deep in the lush Guadalcanal jungle
Our rice is gone
Eating roots and grass
Along the ridges and cliffs
Leaves hide the trail, we lose our way
Stumble and get up, fall and get up
Covered with mud from our falls
Blood oozes from our wounds
No cloth to bind our cuts
Flies swarm to the scabs
No strength to brush them away
Fall down and cannot move
How many times I’ve thought of suicide.
Front Lines > American soldier killed by mortar fire, 1944
Front Lines > Bill Maudlin, “Up Front,” Stars and Stripes, 1945
“Fresh, spirited American troops, flushed with victory, are bringing in
thousands of hungry, ragged, battle-weary prisoners.”
End of War > Bodies of victims in the Buchenwald Concentration Camp
End of War > Six-year-old orphan wearing a Buchenwald badge
Internment > Map of Japanese-American Internment Camps
Internment > “How to Tell Chinese from a Jap,” from an Army manual
Internment > Inside the fence of an internment camp
Internment > Fred Korematsu with a letter of apology from the White House
Home Front > Winchester poster urging sacrifice
Home Front > Collier’s cover, on rationing, 1942
Home Front > 1943 poster on conserving fuel
Home Front > Cigarette ad in McCall’s, 1942
Home Front > Job listings board in Detroit, July 1941
Home Front > “It’s Boats, Boats, Boats!” OWI poster
Home Front > “America’s Answer! Production” Office for Emergency Management
poster, 1942
Women > Rosie the Riveter Poster
Women > After work in a Richmond, California, shipyard
Women > War Manpower Commission recruiting posters
Double V > Poster for a Double V campaign of 1942
Double V > Members of the United Retail, Wholesale, and Department Store
Employees Union, Detroit, 1942
Double V > March on Washington Movement Flyer, ca. 1941 and a photograph of
March on Washington, 1963
Double V > Policemen arresting women during the riots in Harlem, 1943
Double V > The Detroit Riot, June 21, 1943
Zoot suit > Clyde Duncan from Gainsville, VA, in the New York Times, 1943 and
jazz musician Cab Calloway, 1943
Zoot suit > Cartoon, Mercury Herald and News, April 25, 1943
Zoot suit > Los Angeles police officer pretends to clip the hair of a zoot-suiter;
headline from Los Angeles Examiner, 1942
Zoot suit > Mexican Americans stripped of zoot suits during the riots, Life, 1943