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War in the Pacific
USS Arizona
• The war started
badly for the
Americans
• In spite of the
warnings, they
were ill-prepared
Wake
Island
• Coral atoll
• 6.5 square km, or 2
square miles
• Natural resources:
– none
‾ arable land: _%
‾ permanent crops: _%
‾ permanent pastures: _%
‾ forests: ___%
On _____________, 1500
Americans surrendered to the
Japanese
• Location: midway
between Pearl Harbor &
The Philippines
On December 8, 1941 the Japanese began the invasion of
the Philippines
General MacArthur led his men and the Filipino army
in the fight
They were forced to retreat along the
By April the exhausted troops were forced to surrender
General MacArthur was rescued from the nearby island of
As he left, he pledged to his men “______________”.
The Philippines
Bataan Death March
• When the Americans surrendered the
Philippines in April, 1942, they left
__________Filipino and American troops
• The Japanese marched the prisoners
across the Bataan Peninsula under brutal
conditions
• Of over 12,000 American POWs that
began the march, only ________ survived
Battle of the Java Sea
• February 27 - March 1, 1942
• 1st major naval battle between Japanese
and American forces
• American, Dutch, and British forces
attempted to prevent further expansion
in Southeast Asia
• They were unsuccessful
• April 18, 1942
________________________embarked
on their journey
• Although they inflicted little damage
on Tokyo, it was a morale booster for
the USA
Battle of the
• May, 1942 off the coast of Australia
• First naval victory for USA
• First naval battle fought with the ships
out of sight of one another – fought
entirely from the air
• Battle is actually considered a draw but
we prevented the invasion of Australia
The USS Lexington was
sunk and the USS
Yorktown was heavily
damaged
The Battle of Midway
__________________
• Planned invasion of Midway Island
as a precursor to an assault on
Hawaii
• American intelligence anticipated
the attack and launched a counterattack
• Midway Island was heavily damaged
by bombers but was not invaded
Battle of Midway
• US carriers battled Japanese
carriers
• Entire first squadron of flyers was
lost due to inexperience
• Only one man survived; floated in
the water and watched the
remainder of the battle
• He was later rescued by submarine
The Battle of Midway
________________• The USA lost the carrier USS
Yorktown
• Survived the attack with heavy
damage but sunk as it was being
towed back to Pearl Harbor
Significance of Midway
• Americans lost ___________, which
they were able to replace
• Japanese lost ____________, which
they were unable to replace
• June 6, 1942 would mark the
The Battle of Midway
• As a diversion, the Japanese
invaded the Aleutian Islands on the
same day
• Ironically, they were successful in
the Aleutian Islands
Guadalcanal
• Located in the
• Proximity to New Guinea, Australia, and the
American territories in the Marianas made it
important to both sides
• August, 1942 - February, 1943
• Land battles (American marines against
Japanese marines)
• Naval battles (various battles involving
battleships, carriers, and PTs)
Island Hopping
• From 1942 to 1945, Americans engaged
in a campaign of island hopping
• This involved capturing select islands on
the way to mainland Japan
• By destroying the Japanese navy, the
remaining islands were cut off from
supplies
Tarawa
(Gilbert Islands)
Nov. 20 - 23, 1943
A series of small islets; the largest measured
3 miles long, and 1/2 mile in width
Japanese built an airstrip here, with fighter
and bomber range to the Solomon &
Marshall Islands
It was defended by 4700 troops, dug into a
series of pillboxes and bunkers
Tarawa
• Only ____ Japanese soldiers
lived to surrender on the 3rd day
of battle
• ______ Korean forced laborers
survived
• American casualties were 3301
(990 killed)
The Philippines
October, 1944 – June, 1945
• ________Japanese defenders in
The Philippines
• _______ survivors
• 100,000 Filipino civilians died
• 160,000 American invasion force
• 8,000 Americans killed
Battle of Leyte Gulf
October 23 – 25, 1944
• Largest naval battle in world
history
• 280 warships
• Victory for Americans but at
great loss of sailors and ships
Iwo Jima
• Located 700 miles from mainland Japan
• A volcanic island of only 8 square miles,
the Japanese had dug in there in tunnels
that crisscrossed the island
• ____________________is the highest part
of the island
Iwo Jima
• 21,000 Japanese defenders
– ______ killed
– ______ POWs
• 82,000 American invaders
– _________ killed
– _______________wounded
(*depending on the source)
• There were no civilians on the island
Okinawa
• Soon after the assault on Iwo Jima ended,
the battle for Okinawa began
• Okinawa is a Japanese island off of the
mainland
• At the time of the attack in April, there
were 250,000 civilians and 50,000 troops,
and 50,000 conscripts on the island
Okinawa
April – June, 1945
• US losses were:
– Killed in action
• Navy – 5,000
• Marines – 8,000
– Wounded
• Navy – 5,000
• Marines – 31,000
• A major factor in the decision to use
atomic weapons 6 weeks later
Okinawa
• By the time Okinawa was secure, the
Japanese had lost ________ soldiers and
conscripts, and ____________ civilians
• These figures were used to analyze the
possible fatality rate of an invasion of
mainland Japan
• The estimates ranged from 500,000 to
1,000,000 Americans and from 2,000,000
to 3,000,000 Japanese
Choices for ending the war:
Hiroshima
August 8, 1945
Nagasaki
Japanese surrender Aug. 14, 1945
by order of Emperor Hirohito
The formal surrender is
signed September 2, 1945
World War II
Finally ended
Internment
• ___________ Japanese
Americans lived in the USA,
mostly on the west coast
• Americans were afraid of them
spying or just plain hated them
• Americans also were interested
in obtaining their property
Internment
• ___________ Japanese were
forced to move into camps in the
interior of America
• 2/3s of them were born in the
USA
• None of them were convicted of a
crime
Internment
• ________________________
– Internment legal
• 1988 - Congress apologized and
gave each survivor
___________in compensation
• Italians
Internment
– only effected non-US citizens
– 1600 interned
– 600,000 had travel restrictions and
curfews
– 10,000 were forced out of their homes
in California and forced to move
inland
– hysteria lasted about a year
Prisoners of War
• German and Japanese POWs were returned
to their countries immediately after the war
• Germans and Italians treated their American
POWs with respect; death in captivity rate
was _____%
• Japanese starved, worked and tortured their
prisoners; death rate in captivity was over
____________
Minorities
• African American, Hispanics, and other
minorities served in segregated units
• Japanese Americans served in Europe
• The Navajo were instrumental in winning
the war
• After the war, they returned to “Jim
Crow” laws in the USA