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Fascism Rises in Europe
Chapter 15 / Section 3
Fascism Rises in Europe
In the 1920s and 1930s, the rise of
totalitarian governments in Germany and
Italy was largely due to the results of
severe economic and social problems that
arose in Europe after World War II
 During the Depression of the 1930’s
millions of people around the world lost
faith in the Democratic way of government.
 In response, people turned to an extreme
new form of government called Fascism

Fascist Beliefs and Policies
 Fascism-
A political
movement that
promotes an extreme
form of Nationalism,
a denial of individual
rights, and a
dictatorial one-party
rule
Fascist Beliefs and Policies
 Fascists
promised to revive the
economy, punish those responsible
for hard times, and restore national
pride.
 Their message attracted many
people that were frustrated and
angered by the peace treaties after
World War I and the Great
Depression.
Fascist Beliefs and Policies
Fascism had no clear
theory
 However, most fascists
shared these ideas:
1)Nationalism 2)
Authoritarian
Leadership
3) Uniforms of a
certain color, special
salutes,massive rallies

Fascism v. Communism
 In
some ways Fascism was similar
to Communism.
 Ruled by dictators, one party rule,
denial of individual rights.
 In both, the state was supremetotalitarian regime.
Mussolini comes to Power in Italy
using nationalist message
Mussolini Comes to Power
 Fascism
came to power in Italy due to
the disappointment over the failure to
claim large territorial gain s after WWI
as the Paris Peace talks of 1919
denied them.

Rising inflation and unemployment also
contributed to widespread doubt in the
current democratic government, they
wanted a leader who would take action
The Rise of Mussolini
Mussolini – A newspaper
editor and politician.
 Boldly promised to restore Italy’s
economy in addition to
strengthening it’s military
 Mussolini gained support because
he was seen as a strong leader
 In October 1922, after 30,000
fascists march on Rome, Mussolini
takes control of Govt.
 Benito
Mussolini as IL Duce’
 Abolished
Democracy.
 Outlawed all political parties except
The Fascist.
 Secret Police jailed his opponents.
 Government censored radio and
newspapers.
 Formed relationships between large
industrialists and large landowners
and The Fascist Party-Economy
Control.
Hitler Takes Control in Germany
 Adolph
Hitler- a little-known
political leader in the mid1920’s.
 Ex-WWI soldier who was
awarded twice for bravery
.
The rise of the Nazis
Settled in Munich
 In 1919 joined a tiny
right-wing political
group whose agenda
was to overturn the
Treaty of Versailles
and combat
communism.
 Renamed Nationalist
Socialist German
Workers’ Party,
called Nazis for short

Policies of the group
supported the middle
and lower class
 Swastika
 Private militia-Brown
Shirts
 Nazism developed
as the German for of
Fascism but with
racial dogma (belief)

Rise of the Nazis

Nazi Party persuaded Germans to join the
party by using propaganda, charismatic
oratory, nationalism, and appealed to the
economic needs of the middle and lower
class
Hitler Takes Control in Germany
(cont’d)
 Hitler was a great speaker and
organizer, helps him gain power.
 In jail Hitler writes, Mein Kampf
(My Struggle) which tells of his
goals for Germany.
 Declares lebensraum, or living
space in Germany is needed.
(Racism)
Why Hitler??
Great depression ended nation’s post war
recovery
 American loans stopped, German
economy collapsed.
 Civil unrest broke out
 Germans sought for security and strong
leadership

Hitler Takes Control in Germany
(cont’d)
 Once
elected by the Nazi party
Hitler rises to Chancellor by 1933.
 From that point on Hitler finds ways
to make himself more powerful.
 However, during this time Hitler
drops unemployment in the country
from 6% to 1.5%.
Hitler Takes Control in Germany
(cont’d)
 Hitler wasn’t just happy as
Chancellor, he becomes the Fuher,
SUPREME LEADER.
 His plan is to dictate not only
economic and political life, but ALL
ASPECTS.
 First thing he did was begin war
with JEWS.

One reason the Nazi programs and
policies of the early 1930s appealed to
many people in Germany because people
were frustrated with their current economic
and political situation
Attack on Jews-Kristallacht

Nazi mobs attacked Jews in their homes
and on the streets and destroyed
thousands of Jewish -0owned buildings.
This rampage was called Kristallnacht
(Night of the Broken Glass), signaled the
real start of theprocess of eliminating Jews
from German life.
Other Countries fall to Dictators
Hungary –after a brief communist regime,
fell to dictator Admiral Miklos Horthy
 Poland-Marshal Jozef Pilsudski seized
power in 1926
 Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria and
Romania-kings turned to strong-man’s
rule. Czechoslovakia was democratic.
 Only Britain, France and Scandinavian
countries were democratic nations.

Democratic Vs. Totalitarian rule
Nations split into two antagonistic camps.democratic and totalitarian.
 Fascists used military aggression to reach
their goal.

Section 3 Assessment
Page 480.
 Answer questions 1 through 5 in your
notebook. These are part of your notes.
We will discuss your answers on Friday.
