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Advanced Placement
United States History
1
1.
Why was America socially, economically, and politically reluctant to
become involved in what would become WWII?
2. WWII marked beginning of a real civil rights movement among Black
Americans. Why?
3. The New Deal did not stop the G.D. WWII did. Assess.
4. Dropping the bomb was necessary to end the war. To what extent was
this true for those making the decision in 1945.
5. Respond to the following statement: It was “easier” for America to
drop the atomic bomb on Japan because the Japanese are racially
different from the majority of Americans; America would never
have dropped an atomic bomb on Europe.
6. What perceptions or misperceptions at the end of WWII created the
Cold War?
7. Why did America emerge into the post World War 2 era as a “super”
2
power?
World War II
USS Shaw – Pearl Harbor – December 7th
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Japan’s Goals
Fear of disruption of internal order
 Meiji Restoration Government
 Militarism (Samurai Tradition)
 Interwar years – Intensive rise in Racism &
Nationalism
 Problems: Geographic Limitations
 Solution: Displace U.S. & Britain in China
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1930-1935
Manchurian “Incident”
 Henry L. Stimson- Internationalist
 Puppet state –Manchukuo; Manchuria
(1931)
 League of Nations
 Hoover – Kellogg Briand
 Economic sanctions opposed
 Stimson Doctrine
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Italy’s Goals
Perennially poor
 Betrayed by Versailles
 Benito Mussolini
 Fascism
 1922 March on Rome
 Axis Powers- Germany & Italy
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Germany – Interwar Years 1919-1930
Adolf Hitler (Austrian)
 WWI – Infantryman w/ Germans
 Weimar Republic
 Beer Hall Putsch (coup) 1923
 Mein Kampf
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Good Neighbor Policy
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Was it “national neutrality neurosis”?
U.S. Endorsement of Non-Intervention
Renunciation of Roosevelt Corollary
Philippines- Tydings McDuffie Act (1934)
Haiti
Cuba
Nicaragua
Mexico
London Economic Conference (1933)
New Deal Tariff Policy
 Reciprocal Trade Agreement Acts
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Nye Committee Hearings - 1934
 WWI
 Munitions
/ Banking
 Recommended
Neutrality
 Walter Millis The
Road to War:
America 1914-1917
Gerald P. Nye (Rep., S.D.)
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Neutrality Acts of ‘35, ‘36, ‘37
No Lusitania this time!
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1935-1936
Reoccupation Rhineland
Mussolini –Ethiopia
Japan- Nullifies 5 Power
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U.S. Appeasement
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East Asia Co-Prosperity
Sphere
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Panay Incident
Rape of Nanking – Dec 1937
97% Americans U.S. out of
war
Quarantine Speech 1937
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Rape of Nanking
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Munich Conference - Appeasement
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Anchluss (union) 1938 with
Austria
Munich Appeasement Sept
1938
Neville Chamberlain
Edouard Deladier
Sudetenland -German
speaking western portion of
Czechoslovakia
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Neutrality Act of 1939
(Cash & Carry)
Hitler-Stalin Pact Aug
1939
 Invasion of Poland
Sept 1939
 Britain & France
declared war
 “Cash &Carry”
 Hitler must be defeated
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America First Committee
•Opposed all Aid to
Britain
•FDR a “War Monger”
•Kristallnacht
November 9,10, 1938
Night of Broken Glass
•Phony War
1940 Charles Lindbergh
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Blietzkrieg – April 9-June 22
Maginot Line
 Denmark/Norway
 Netherlands/Belgium
 France/Dunkirk
 Charles De Gaulle
 Vichy Government
 Prime Minister Winston Churchill
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Britain goes it alone…
FDR floats trial balloons…
Winston Churchill
 Battle of Britain
 …”we shall never
surrender”
 Battle of the Atlantic
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FDR
 Top secret atomic
energy program
 Two ocean navy
 $37 Billion
 Selective Service
Act 1940
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The Destroyer Deal - Sept. 1940
U.S. Gives Britain 50 old World War I
Destroyers for Eight Naval Bases
Used to Fight German
U-Boats in the Atlantic.
“all aid short of war”
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FDR Breaks Two Term Tradition
1940 Election
vs.
Wendell Wilkie,
Republican
Franklin Roosevelt,
Democrat 19
The Four Freedoms Speech:
Delivered before
Congress
January 6, 1941
*from Fear
*from Want
*of Speech
*to Worship
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The Four Freedoms:
from
FEAR
World War II
Poster by
Norman Rockwell
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The Four Freedoms:
of
SPEECH
World War II
Poster by
Norman Rockwell
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Undeclared War on Germany
Lend Lease – Feb 1941
 Bill #1776 – An Act Further to Promote
the Defense of the United States
 Arsenal of Democracy
 “sell, lend, lease, exchange, or
transfer…”
 Extended to Soviet Union
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Atlantic Conference
August 9-12, 1941
The Atlantic Charter:
“…after the final
destruction of the Nazi
tyranny, (we) hope to
see established a peace
which will afford… all
men … (the means
to)… live out their
lives in freedom from
fear and want…”
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Atlantic Conference
Secret Agreement FDR promised Churchill
that U.S. Navy ships
would pursue and attack
Nazi U-boats in the
Atlantic until an incident
was created to provide a
cause for war.
USS Greer 9/41
“Shoot on Sight”
USS Reuben James
10/31/41
Merchant Ships Armed
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Pearl Harbor
Attack
Tojo & Matsuoka
Dec of War on Japan – Dec 8
Hitler on U.S. – Dec 11
2,403 Servicemen Killed
December 7, 1941
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December 8, 1941
“I fear we have only awakened a
sleeping giant.”Admiral Yamamoto
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Washington Conference
Dec. 22, 1941 to Jan. 14, 1942
FDR & Churchill
adopt a policy of
“Europe First” that
considers Germany
the greater danger
than Japan.
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War on the Home Front
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War Production Board
Unions
African Americans
Japanese Internment
Women
Braceros
Code Talkers (Windtalkers)
Zoot Suit Riots (Los Angeles)
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March on Washington, 1941
A. Philip Randolph
Demands Jobs for
Blacks in Defense
Industry
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March on Washington, 1941
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FDR Issues
Executive Order
8802
Guaranteeing
Blacks Jobs in
Defense Plants
Fair Employment
Practices
Commission
 Double V
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March on Washington, 1941
A. Philip Randolph
would later
organize the 1963
March on
Washington
where Martin
Luther King, Jr.
delivers his “I
Have a Dream
Speech”
WWII Poster Promoting
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Racial Unity
Executive Order 9066
120,000 Japanese Americans
Ordered Interned, 1942
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“Waiting for the Signal from Home….”
Dr. Seuss
Korematsu v. U.S. – decision upheld internment
Ex parte Endo – forbade internment of loyal Japanese34
Americans
Japanese American Internment
CAUSED BY:
Anti-Asian Racism
Anger over Pearl Harbor
Fear of “Jap” Invasion
Fear of “Jap” Sabotage
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Nisei Soldiers in U.S. Army
Daniel Inouye,
1st Lt.,
442nd Regimental
Combat Team
later:
U.S. Senator,
Hawaii
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War Propaganda Promoted Vigilance,
…sometimes this translated as mistrust.
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War Propaganda Promoted Vigilance,
…sometimes this translated as social change.
for African Americans…
for women…
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War Propaganda Promoted Vigilance,
…sometimes it urged harder work.
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War Propaganda Promoted Vigilance,
…sometimes it urged conservation.
“Step on it, kid, ya got
gas and rubber to burn!”
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North African Invasion
November 8, 1942
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Casablanca Conference
January 14-23, 1943
Eisenhower & FDR
The Allied Powers
demand
“Unconditional
Surrender”
from the
Axis nations.
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Invasion of Sicily & Italy
August 1943
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Teheran Conference
November 28-December 2, 1943
Stalin
Roosevelt
Churchill
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Accomplishments of Teheran:
Britain and U.S.A. to Open Second Front Against
Nazis in Europe – D-Day Invasion
 Disagree Over Partitioning of Germany – Agreed
to Occupation Zones Instead
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Invasion of Europe – D-Day
June 6, 1944 – Normandy, France 48
Roosevelt’s Fourth Term, 1944
Thomas Dewey
Republican
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Yalta Conference
Feb 4 - Feb 11, 1945
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Details of United Nations Security Council
Soviets to Attack Japan after Nazi Surrender
Allies Unwilling Acquiesce to Soviet
Dominance in Eastern Europe
But agreed to annex of eastern Poland in return for
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free elections in Poland itself
Changing of the Guard:
April 12, 1945
Vice President
Harry S Truman
FDR: Died Warm Spring, GA.
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VE Day – Victory in Europe
May 7, 1945
Nazis Surrender, New York Crowd Celebrates
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Potsdam Conference
July 16, 1945-August 2, 1945
Clement Atlee
Harry Truman
Joseph Stalin
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Atomic Bombs
Alamogordo, NM
July 16, 1945
Hiroshima
August 6, 1945
Nagasaki
August 9, 1945
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VJ Day – Victory Over Japan
Celebrations in Times Square, NYC, Aug. 14, 1945
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FDR and World War II
THE END
USS Missouri
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Prime Minister Tideki Tojo
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War Criminals
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Atlantic– Aug 1941 – Churchill & FDR
 Washington– Dec 1941 Churchill & FDR
 Casablanca- Jan 1943 Churchill & FDR
 Cairo- Nov 1943 Churchill, FDR, Jiang
 Teheran Yalta
 Potsdam
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