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Chapter 11 World War II Mr. Marston MWH 9th Grade Chapter 11: Section 1 Paths to War • The German Path to War: Significance: • Hitler’s Aryan philosophy paved the way for Aggressive German expansion German path to war • 1. First Steps: a) Germany created a new Air Force-Luftwaffe • b) Draft-raised an army of 100,000 to 500,000 men. German path to war • 2. First Steps: March 7, 1936, Hitler invaded the Rhineland. (demilitarized zone) no armies. • Led to Appeasement-just give him what he wants-he go away after a while. Map of Rhineland Germany-1936 German path to war • 3. New Alliances: • A) Rome/Berlin Axis-Hitler formed alliance with Mussolini • B) Anti-Comintern Pact-Hitler formed alliance with Japan (anti communist) • **** Hitler broke every agreement, treaty, pact, he ever signed.****** German path to war • 4. Union with Austria: Anschluss (Union) • Germany threatens to invade Austria unless the Nazi party is put into power. • It is-Austria joins with Germany. Anschluss with Austria German Path to war • 5. Demands & Appeasement • Munich Conference-Allies give Hitler what he wants: Czechoslovakia. • Hitler occupies Sudetenland • Then takes over Czechoslovakia. Map of Sudetenland • Western Allies giving Germany Czechoslovakia to appease him. German Path to war • 6. Great Britain & France react: • March 1939-Czechoslavakia falls to Hitler. • France & Great Britain vow to protect Poland. German Path to War • 7. Hitler & the Soviets: • August 23, 1939-Hitler & Stalin sign the Nazi Soviet Nonagression pact. • Hitler invades Poland (September 1, 1939) • France & Britain declare war on Germany • After the invasion begins. Nazi Soviet Nonaggression pact Nazi Soviet Nonaggression pact • Herb Block Political cartoon • Nazi-Soviet Non aggression pact The Japanese Path to War • Significance: Natural Resources (NR) fueled Japanese plan for expansion Japanese path to war • 1. War with China: Japan & China ended up in a major conflict in 1937. Japanese path to war • 2. New Asian Order-Japan, China, and Manchuria formed a group of countries seeking prosperity for Asian nations. Japanese path for war • 3. Japan formed a pact with Germany • Invade USSR-seize natural resources • Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression pact got in the way. • Forced Japan to seek Nat. Res. In SE Asia. Japanese path to war • 4. Japan-NR-French IndoChina (Vietnam) • invasion-US orders sanctions against • Japan. • Forces Japan to invade Pearl Harbor. Chapter 11, Section 2 The Course of WW II • Europe at War: Significance-German Blitzkrieg to win central & western Europe. • Germans were stopped in Russia while British remained undefeated Europe at War • 1. Hitler’s Blitzkrieg (Lightning War) 300 tank strike force supported by Luftwaffe Europe at War • 2. Hitler’s early Victories: April 9, 1940 • Hitler invades Norway & Denmark using Blitzkrieg German invasion of Norway & Denmark Europe at War • 3. Hitler’s early victories: May 10, 1940 • Hitler invades Netherlands, Belgium, and France using Blitzkrieg • June 22, 1940 3/5 of France-Nazis-Vichy German invasion of Netherlands, France, and Belgium Europe at War • 4. United States-Post T. O. V. (Treaty of Versailles) Policy of Isolation-non involvement with Europe’s wars. • Start to help Britain Isolation political cartoons Europe at War 5. Battle of Britain: Hitler wants an amphibious landing of Britain, must gain air superiority. Germans bomb British cities allow British to rebuild air force Aug 1940-Invasion postponed indefinetily Aftermath of battle of Britain Europe at War • 6.If Hitler defeats main British ally Russia, then they can defeat British Morale • Spring 1941 Invasion of USSR postponed until June 1941. Europe at War • 7. Fierce Russian resistance and the Harsh Russian winter resulted in Germany’s defeat, • *** Same thing happened to Napoleon Japan at War • Significance: The attack on Pearl Harbor, led to U.S. entrance into WW II Japan at War • 1. Japan’s invasion led to many conquered islands in the Pacific. • Led to creation of Greater East Asia Company prosperity sphere. Japan at War • 2. Japan hoped to crush American resolve • And knock them out of the war. • Opposite happened: America Galvanized The Allies Advance • Significance: Allies stopped the advance of the Germans and the Japanese Allies Advance • 1. Allies in 1943-Fight Axis PowersUnconditionally Surrender Allies Advance • 2. European Theater: Erwin Rommel German Tank commander won several victories for Germany in Africa. Allies Advance • 3. European Theater: Turning of the Tide • A) El Alamein: Germany defeated • B) Stalingrad: Germany lost 6th Army Battle of El Alamein Battle of Stalingrad Allies Advance • 4. Pacific Theater: May 7-8, 1942 • Battle of the Coral Sea • Stopped the advance of the Japanese Battle of the Coral Sea • 5. Pacific Theater: June 4, 1942-Battle of the Midway-U.S. Destroyed 4 Japanese aircraft carriers. Battle for Midway map Battle of Midway Last years of the War • Significance: Germany and Japan were forced to unconditionally surrender Last Years of the War • 1. European Theater: Jan 1943-Axis powers surrendered in Africa • Allies pushed into Sicily, Italy-Long Offensive-Rome finally fell in June 1944. Last Years of the War Last Years of the War • 2. European Theater: D-Day (Operation Overlord)-create 2nd front. • Soviets pushed towards Berlin, Berlin falls • April 30, 1945-Hitler commits suicide. Last years of the War Last years of the War • 3. Battle of Iwo Jima • Feb 19, 1945 thru March 26, 1945 • Secured airfield-enabled bombing of Japan Last Years of the War Map of Iwo Jima SSG MOH Recipient John Basilone Killed on Iwo Jima Iwo Jima MOH Recipients Herschel Williams/George Whalen Last Years of the War • 4. Atomic weapons used on Empire of Japan • August 6, 1945 Hiroshima • August 9, 1945 Nagasaki • Japan surrenders August 14, 1945 Fat Man/Little Boy Fat Man/Little Boy Hiroshima/Nagasaki aftermath Chapter 11 Section 3: New Order & the Holocaust • Significance: German expansion led to millions of displaced people-slave labor to Nazis Eastern Resettlement • 1. Himmler (SS Leader) moves out the Slavs & repopulates with Germans • 2. Projected that 30 million slavic peoples may die to achieve German plans in the East. • 3. Slave labor in Germany • a) 7 million in Germany • b) 7 million slaves in their own countries Holocaust • Significance: Hitler’s Aryan philosophy led to the Holocaust Holocaust • 1. Final Solution-Genocide-Extermination of Jews Holocaust • 2.Einsatzgruppen-Round up Jews & Exterminate them (their mission) Einsatzgruppen Einsatzgruppen gathering up Ukrainian Jews Holocaust • 3. Death Camps (Extermination)-mass killings-located all in Poland. • Auschwitz was largest Auschwitz-Birkenau Treblinka Sobibor Chelmno Majdanek Majdanek-Inside Shower Room Shower Nozzle/hatch where Zyclon-B was inserted into Gas chamber Blue marks on wall indicate residue from Zyclon-B Exportations to Death Camps Holocaust • • • • 4. Holocaust killed approx 6 million Jews 2 out of every 3 European Jews 3 million men 2 million women Jewish children who were hidden in a Polish convent Holocaust • 5. Women & Children killed first • Approx 1 to 1.5 million Jewish children killed during Holocaust Children during Holocaust Children in the Holocaust New Order in Asia • Significance: Japan forced millions of native peoples to work for their war machine New Order in Asia • 1.Japanese Policies: Local governments would be set up under Japanese control • 2.Japanese Policies: The economic resources of the colonies were used for the benefit of the Japanese War machine New Order in Asia • 3. Japanese Behavior: Japan showed little/No respect for local customs. • Burma: Buddhist pagodas-Latrines (toilets) New Order in Asia • 4. Japanese disrespect caused problems for locals, some rebelled, some put up with degrading behavior. Chapter 11, Section 4 The Home Front and the Aftermath of the War • Mobilization of Peoples: Four Examples: Significance: U.S.S.R., U.S.A., Germany, and Japan all stressed personal sacrifice • While mobilizing Soviet Union • 1. Soviets stressed “Battle of the Machines” • Total military mobilization-caused shortages in food and housing United States • 2. U.S.A. Massive economy created boomtowns, widespread migration, Segregation in military, & Japanese Internment in S. California. Germany • 3. Hitler mobilized too late to save Germany from defeat in WW II. Towards end of war, women urged to work for Germany. Japan • 4. Controlled prices, wages, labor, and resources. Males encouraged to serve as “Kamikaze” pilots-women stay as wives and mothers. Frontline Civilians: Bombing of Cities: • Significance: Bombing of UK, Germany, and Japan destroyed cities & killed thousands. Frontline Civilians: Bombing of Cities: • 1. Britain: 1st sustained civilian bombing • Blitz-bomb civilian targets force peacewrong. Frontline Civilians: Bombing of Cities: • 2. Germany: Dresden (Feb. 13-15,1945) • Incendiary bombs –Firestorms-killed 100, 000 Frontline Civilians: Bombing of Cities: • 3. Germany: Increase in War production materials-extremely hard to get to military. Frontline Civilians: Bombing of Cities: • 4. Japan: Fearing a land based invasionU.S. used Atomic weapons on Hiroshima & Nagasaki Peace & A New War • Significance: Political tensions, conflict, and paranoia led to Cold War. Peace & a new war • • • • 1. Tehran Conference: Big Three (Churchill, Roosevelt, & Stalin) November 1943: Final German Assault Divide post war Germany Tehran Conference Nov 1943 Peace & a new war • 2. Yalta Conference: Big Three: Feb. 1945 • Stalin wants a communist buffer to protect against the West War & a new peace • 3. Yalta Conference: Creation of United Nations-San Francisco 1945. • Stalin allow free elections in Poland in future Yalta Conference Feb. 1945 War & a new peace • 4. Potsdam Conference: July 1945: • Free Governments cannot be allowed in E. Europe-Anti Soviet • Truman replaced Roosevelt-dies April 1945 Potsdam Conference War & a new peace • 5. War Crimes: Nuremberg-Crimes against humanity (1945-1946) Nuremberg War Trials War & a new peace • 6. Cold War: started between East & West Map of Cold War Europe War & a new peace • 7. Iron Curtain has divided Europe into east and west. Iron Curtain-Black line separate east from West