Download World WAR I

The four main causes of World War I can be
memorized by recalling the word “MAIN”.
 Militarism
the glorification of military power rose in many nations of
Europe.
 This development led to fear and suspicion as nations
became more willing to use military force to attain their
national goals.
 There was an arms race, in which nations would compete
with each other to expand their armies and navies.
 One of the fiercest rivalries was between Britain and
Germany.
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Alliance System
This increase suspicion due to militarism caused
nations to from alliances (partnerships with other
countries).
 Countries that formed alliances agreed to defend
each other in case of attack.
 By 1914, there were several alliances; including the
Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente.
 Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and
Italy
 Triple Entente- Britain, Russia, and France
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TRIPLE ALLIANCE
TRIPLE ENTENTE
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Germany
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Britain
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Austria-Hungary
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France
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Italy
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Russia
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Imperialism
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Imperialism is when a stronger nation takes over a
weaker nation.
Usually the weaker nation has something the stronger
nation needs; raw materials, foreign markets, strategic
geographic location
Britain, France, Germany, competed for colonies and
economic power.
France and Germany competed especially for colonies in
Africa
Britain and Germany competed industrially
The British felt threatened due to Germany rapidly
industrializing.
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Nationalism
Nationalism can be used to bring people together, but it also
can be a source of conflict.
 In the early 1900’s, aggressive nationalism was a source of
conflict.
 Germany and France- Nationalism was strong in both Germany
and France. Germany was now unified and proud of its
military and industrial strength. Meanwhile, France wanted to
regain its position as a leading European power. They were
constantly in competition with one another.
 Pan-Slavism- form of nationalism in Eastern Europe that
encouraged the bringing together of all Slavic peoples.
 The empire of Austria-Hungary opposed this Slavic
nationalism.
http://www.google.com/#q=causes+of+wwi&tbm=vid&surl=1
&safe=active
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Powder Keg of Europe
 The Ottoman Empire’s
control over the Balkans
weakened over time.
 Serbia declared its
independence, and
wanted to control
Bosnia-Herzegovina
 Bosnia-Herzegovina
was ruled by AustriaHungary
 Serbian nationalists
believed that Bosnia
belonged to Serbia, not
Austria-Hungary.
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Not surprisingly, World War I began in the
Balkans.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the
Austrian throne.
On June 28, 1914, the duke and his wife were
traveling through Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia.
Many Serbian nationalists lived in Bosnia at this
time (do not like Austria)
Gavrilo Princip, a member of a radical slavic
nationalist group that opposed Austrian rule, shot
and killed the archduke and his wife.
After the assassination, the major nations of Europe responded.
1.
Austria Hungary blamed Serbia for the assassination of the
Archduke and his wife and made harsh demands in Serbia
2.
Serbia refuses to comply with any of the demands
3.
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
4.
Russia, who is a friend of Serbia, mobilizes for war
5.
Germany, an ally of Russia, declares war on Russia (for
being friends with Serbia)
6.
Germany declares war on France, an ally of Russia
7.
Germany invades Belgium (to get to France)
8.
Britain declares war on Germany
http://www.history.com/videos/causes-of-world-wari#causes-of-world-war-i
CENTRAL POWERS
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Germany
Austria
Ottoman Empire
ALLIED POWERS
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Britain
France
Russia
Italy- Neutral at first
then joined allies*
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World War I was a war fought between major
industrial powers.
New technology made this war an enormously
destructive one.
Dynamite was invented originally for
construction purposes, but was used as a
weapon during the war
Other recent inventions of the time including
the combustion engine, airplanes, and
communication devices were also put to
military use.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OofS
P8NXQXI
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Heavy fighting took place along the Western Front, a
600-mile stretch of land from the English channel to
Switzerland.
The Germans hoped to win an early battle, but French
and British troops stopped them.
For four years, neither side could make any significant
gains.
Trench warfare began, troops dug trenches along the
Western Front.
Very little ground was gained by either side this way,
and many soldiers were killed.
http://www.history.com/topics/world-wari/videos#trench-warfare
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The war was fought at home as well as on the
battlefield. A war fought this way is known as a
total war.
In a total war, all of a nation’s resources go into the
war effort.
Governments drafted men to fight in the war
Governments borrowed money and raised taxes to pay
for war
 Government rationed, or limited the supply of, goods at
home so that the military could be provided for.
 Government used the press to print propaganda, which is
the spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an
opposing cause.
 Women at home took jobs that soldiers had left behind.
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Several events are considered turning points in the
World War I.
The two most important turning points of World War I
were;
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Entry of the United States
 Although the United States had allowed American ships to carry
supplies to the Allies, the US had tried to remain neutral.
 In 1917, Germany engaged in what is known as unrestricted
submarine warfare.
 This means that the Germans would fire on any ships located on
the Atlantic, including ships that carried Americans.
 This policy of the Germans led the United States to join the war
effort along side of the Allies.
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Russian Withdrawal
 Low morale contributed to a revolution in Russia, causing
Russia to sign a treaty with Germany in order to exit the war.
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On November 11, 1918, an armistice was declared,
which ended WWI.
The costs of WWI were enormous.
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Human Casualties
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8.5 Million dead
17 million wounded
Famine threatened many regions
Disease was widespread in many regions
Economic Causes
 Factories, farms, and homes had been destroyed
 Nations had huge war debts to repay
 The Allies, bitter at the destruction, insisted that the
Central Powers make reparations, or payments for the war
damage they had caused.
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We discussed in class on Friday that a major
turning point of World War I was the withdrawal
of Russia from the war.
Russia removed themselves from the war because
they were experiencing many problems at home,
ultimately leading to a revolution.
A revolution occurs when the citizens of a country
are unhappy with the political, social, and/or
economic system that they are currently living in.
Revolution brings about a major change
Czarist Rule
 Prior to World War I Russia was governed by a Czar,
who had complete control of the government and
the people.
 The citizens of Russia became dissatisfied with the
harsh ruling of the Czar and the inability of the
Russian government to bring reform to Russia.
 Russian Czars used a secret police to suppress any
radical ideas that may cause the Russian citizens to
rebel against the Czarist rule.
Peasant Unrest
 A rigid class system still existed in Russia at the beginning of
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World War I.
There was a widening gap between the rich and the poor.
Landowning nobles, priests, and an autocratic czar
dominated society.
A very small middle class was prevented from gaining any
power.
At the bottom were the peasants who faced the most
difficulties. Most peasants were too poor to buy the land
they worked on, and even those who could afford to buy the
land could not afford to feed their families.
Peasants were forced to move from the country to the cities
to get factory jobs.
Peasants worked long hours in dangerous working
conditions for very little pay.
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On Sunday January 22, 1905, a march occurred in
St. Petersburg.
The peaceful march, made up of mostly peasants
and middle class citizens hoped to influence the
czar to make reforms to improve Russian society.
Nicholas II, fearing an uprising, called soldiers to
police the march.
The soldiers shot and killed many marchers on
what was known as “Bloody Sunday”.
This event destroyed the people’s faith and trust in
the Czar.
After “Bloody Sunday”, strikes and revolts
exploded all over Russia.
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As we know, Russia was one of the Allied
Powers in World War I.
With little industry however, Russia was not
ready to fight a modern war.
Russian soldiers lacked proper weapons and
supplies, and Russia experienced many losses
in the beginning of WWI.
Food became scarce in Russia, which caused
many soldiers to lose confidence in their
military leadership.
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Due to the low morale caused by a lack of food
and military losses, another revolt occurred in
St. Petersburg.
Peasants took the streets and rioted in the
streets for bread, fuel, and housing.
The czar’s soldiers sympathized with the
rioters, refusing to fire upon them.
With no control over his troops and with the
country nearing anarchy, Czar Nicholas II gave
up his rule.
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After the removal of Czar Nicholas, a
provisional government was set up, however
proved to be ineffective.
The provisional government continued to fund
the war, which was unpopular among the
Russian people, and failed to make any reforms
to improve life for the Russian peasants.
The provisional government was eventually
overthrown by a socialist group known as the
Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin.
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Lenin gained the support of many people
promising, “Peace, Land, and Bread.”
The Bolsheviks also promised that they would
end Russia’s involvement in the war.
In November of 1917, the Bolsheviks led
soldiers, sailors, and factory workers in an
uprising that overthrew the government.
The Bolsheviks, now called Communists,
distributed land to the peasants and gave
workers control of the factories and mines.
Withdrawal from World War I
Lenin moved quickly to remove Russia from WWI
Russia signed a treaty with Germany, known as the
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
 The agreement was costly for Russia however, in that
they were forced to give up a large territory to Germany.
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Russia’s Civil War
A civil war broke out in Russia between the Communist
followers of Lenin (Reds), and the loyal citizens to the
Czar (Whites)
 Both sides used brutal tactics in order to win the war
 Britain, France, and the United States were eventually
asked to help the Whites, however Russian nationalism
enabled the Reds to defeat their enemies by 1917.
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Lenin’s government had a constitution and an
elected legislature.
However, the Communist Party, not the people
themselves, had the real power.
The Communist Party was the only legal party,
and only its members could run for office.
The Communist Party enforced its will through
the military and the secret police force.
Under the New Economic Policy, the
government controlled banks, large industry,
and foreign trade (Command Economy).
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Lenin died in 1924, ending the reign of Russia’s
first Communist leader
A new Communist leader emerged to lead the
Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin.
Stalin ruled through terror and brutality.
Stalin was known for the Great Purge
This is when he accused thousands of people of
crimes against the government
Those who were accused were executed, exiled, or
sent to prison.
For the next 20 years, Stalin continued his ruthless
policies that created a totalitarian state in the
Soviet Union.
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Stalin turned the Soviet Union into a
totalitarian state.
In this form of government, a one-party
dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect
of the lives of the citizens.
Main Idea: In a totalitarian government, the
dictator has total control over the citizens.
To strengthen its control, a command
economy, where government officials made all
economic decisions, was put in place by the
Communist Party.
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If you remember from yesterday, we learned that
the Soviet Union was not an industrialized nation,
meaning they did not have a lot of factories.
Stalin’s main goal was to turn the Soviet Union
into a modern industrial power.
Stalin launched the first of a series of five-year
plans to build industry and increase farm output.
Emphasis was placed on heavy industry, and
production of oil, coal, steel, mining, and military
goods increased.
Despite this progress, many Russians remained
poor and endured a low standard of living
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Stalin forced peasants to give up their small farms
and live on state-owned farms called collectives.
These collectives were large farms owned and
operated by peasants as a group.
It was thought that the more peasants working on
the collective, the more productive the farm would
be.
The government controlled prices and farm
supplies and set production quotas.
Stalin thought that the collectives would grow
enough grain for the workers in the cities and to
produce surplus grain to sell abroad.
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Many peasants resisted collectivization.
They killed farm animals, destroyed tools, and
burned crops.
Stalin responded with a ruthless policy aimed
at crushing all who opposed him.
The government seized the land of those who
resisted and sent the farmers to prison labor
camps.
There, many died from overwork or were
executed.
The results of Stalin’s policies were devastating
 Some peasants continued to resist by growing just
enough grain to feed themselves.
 The government then seized all the grain from
those collectives, which resulted in mass
starvation.
 In the Ukraine, where opposition to
collectivization was especially strong, more than
five million died from starvation.
http://www.biography.com/people/joseph-stalin9491723
http://www.history.com/topics/josephstalin/videos#stalins-purges
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After WWI, global problems remained.
In January 1919, the victorious Allies gathered at
the palace of Versailles, outside Paris.
The purpose of this meeting was to come up with a
peace plan for the nations involved in WWI.
The “Big Three” of the Paris Peace Conference led
the meeting;
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Woodrow Wilson- United States
David Lloyd George- England
Henry Clemenceau- France
These three men had different goals in mind;
Wilson preached self-determination, while the
leaders of Britain and France wanted to punish
Germany.
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In the end, Britain’s and France’s ideas guided
the Treaty of Versailles.
The Treaty of Versailles severely punished
Germany for the war.
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Territorial Losses
 Land was taken away from Germany
 Some of the land was used to create the new country of
Poland
 The region of Alsace and Lorraine were returned to
France
 Germany also lost many of its overseas colonies
Military Restrictions
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Germany’s army and navy were limited
Germany had to remove its troops from the
Rhineland, an industrial area along the French
border.
War Guilt
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Germany had to accept full responsibility for the
war, and pay huge reparations, or large sums of
money to help undue war damages.
Accepting the blame and paying the reparations
caused extreme bitterness in Germany
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The Treaty of Versailles also formed the League of
Nations.
The League of Nations was a group of 40 countries that
hoped to settle problems through negotiation, not war.
The League of Nations was the original idea of Woodrow
Wilson
The countries of the League of Nations promised to take
cooperative economic and military action against any
aggressor state.
Although the League had been Woodrow Wilson’s
concept, the United States never joined, which weakened
the power of the League of Nations
Americans thought that participation in the League
would drag the United States into future European wars
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If you remember, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman
Empire were apart of the Central Powers, who lost
the war.
Those empires were then dissolved, and the creation
of new nations were carved out of their former
territories.
Austria and Hungary became independent nations
instead of one nation, and Czechoslovakia and
Yugoslavia were also formed.
The Ottoman Empire was placed under the rule of
the French and British, with the remainder of the
Ottoman Empire became the country of Turkey.
http://www.history.com/topics/treatyof-versailles/videos#treaty-of-versaillesend-world-war-i
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKz
Z1OwPXgk
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After World War I, economic problems emerged in
Europe
Soldiers, returning from the war, needed jobs.
Nations had war debts to pay and cities to rebuild.
The United States, on the other hand, experienced an
economic boom after the war.
The US became the world’s leading economic power
and made investments in Europe to promote recovery.
This came to an end however, with the crash of the
American stock market in 1929.
This event was known as the Great Depression, a time
of global economic collapse.
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W5HcWzkAej7IGABg&sqi=2&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1280&bih=930&surl=1&safe=active#q=great+depression
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Less Demand for Raw Materials
The war had increased the demand for raw materials
from Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
 Demand lessened after the war, causing prices of goods
to fall.
 Farmers, miners, herders, and other suppliers of raw
materials suffered economic loss.
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Overproduction of Goods
Industrial workers had won high wages, which increased
the price of manufactured goods.
 However, farmers and those who suffered economically
could not afford to buy these expensive goods
 Factories kept producing these goods anyways.
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The Stock Market Crash
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Investors bought stocks on margin
This means that they only bought part of the stock,
and borrowed money to pay for the rest.
In 1929, brokers began to call the investors who
borrowed money to pay the remainder of the stock,
to remind them they had to pay the money they
borrowed back.
Many investors were not able to pay back the money
that they borrowed to buy the remainder of the stock
When this happened, financial panic followed and
stock prices crashed.
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During the Great Depression, banks and businesses
closed, putting millions of people out of work and
drastically decreasing production of goods.
Millions came to rely on soup kitchens as a main
source of food.
Worldwide, countries raised import tariffs to protect
their own markets, causing a decline in global trade.
Many people lost faith in democracy and capitalism
(western way of life).
Communists celebrated what they saw as the failure of
capitalism.
Strong leaders began to support intense nationalism,
militarism, and a return to authoritarian or dictator
rule.
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Widespread economic despair paved the way
for the rise of dictators.
Strong leaders in Germany, Italy, and Russia
promised solutions.
Fascism is the rule of a people by a dictatorial
government (dictatorship) that is fueled by
nationalism and imperialism.
Fascist governments are also anti-communist
Fascism emerged in both Germany and Italy
after WWI.
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After World War I, the Kaiser stepped down and
Germany was in complete chaos.
A democratic government was formed, called the
Weimar Republic, which ultimately proved to be weak.
Inflation created major economic problems.
The troubles of the time led to the Nazi rise to power.
Adolf Hitler promised to provide jobs and rebuild
German pride.
Hitler stated that Germans were a superior race who
were destined to build a new empire.
In 1920, he headed the National Socialist German
Workers, or Nazis.
In 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany.
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Under Hitler, Germany was a totalitarian state.
He built a one-party system, ended civil rights,
silenced his enemies with violence, and put
business under government control.
Under Hitler, Germany’s standard of living
rose.
Hitler also rearmed the German military,
which was in direct violation of the Treaty of
Versailles.
Hitler used the Jews as scapegoats for
Germany’s problems.
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Hitler instituted anti-Semitic policies.
He used education and the arts as propaganda
tools to push these policies.
Nazis organized boycotts of Jewish businesses,
but by 1938 they were seizing the property and
businesses of Jews and selling them to nonJews.
Citizenship was then taken away from Jews
living in Germany.
Most Germans were pleased at the growth of
German pride, and economic and military
power.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsGd
CkKoM5s
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Like Germany, Italy developed into a fascist
state.
Italy was greatly troubled after WWI.
Like Germany, land was taken away from
Italy
Italian soldiers returning from the war had
trouble finding jobs
Trade was slow and taxes were extremely
high
Furthermore, workers began to go on strike
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Benito Mussolini took advantage of the unrest.
Unhappy war veterans and the unemployed
were the major followers of Mussolini.
He called his group the Fascist party and
pledged to solve the nation’s problems and
strengthen Italy.
Mussolini promised to end unemployment and
gain more land for Italy.
He also vowed to outlaw rebellion among
workers and stamp out all threats of
communism.
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In 1922, the Fascists used force and terror to gain
control of Italy.
They ended free elections, free speech, and free
press.
They killed or jailed their enemies.
Many Italians became desperate and put the goals
of the state above their individual rights.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EEkpN6rF0Kc
http://www.smithsonianchannel.com/sc/web/serie
s/817/mussolini-in-color
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Japan suffered greatly from the Great
Depression.
Militarists, or leaders who wanted to build up
the military, as well as extreme nationalists
took control of Japan.
This period of time is known as Japanese
Aggression.
What does it mean to be aggressive?
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In the 1930’s Italy, Japan, and Germany
aggressively sought to build new empires.
The League of Nations was very weak and
ineffective in attempting to stop the efforts of
these nations.
Western countries (Great Britain, France,
United States) were recovering from the Great
Depression and did not want war.
As a result, acts of aggression occurred and
were allowed to go unchecked.
Japan invades China
The militaristic leaders of Japan wanted to build a
Japanese empire.
 In 1931, Japan seized the Chinese territory of
Manchuria.
 The League of Nations attempted to stop the
Japanese from invading China, however the
Japanese responded by withdrawing from the
League of Nations
 This incident strengthened militarism in Japan, and
in 1937 Japan invaded the mainland of China.
 In what was known as “the rape of Nanjing”, Japan
destroyed and took over the Chinese city of Nanjing.
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Italy attacks Ethiopia
In 1935, the Italian army invaded the African country of
Ethiopia.
 The Ethiopians resisted the attack, but their weapons
were no match for the armored vehicles, aircrafts, and
poison gas of the Italians.
 The Ethiopian King appealed to the League of Nations,
and the League agreed to stop the sale of weapons and
other war materials to Italy.
 However, the agreement was not honored by all nations.
This was another example on how the League of Nations
was ineffective and weak.
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Hitler glorified war as a means of restoring
German national pride. He believed in territorial
expansion to restore power to Germany.
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Hitler rebuilt German army, in violation of the
Treaty of Versailles
In 1936, Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland, which
was an area of land located on Germany’s border
with France. This act was forbidden by the Treaty of
Versailles.
Hitler also took land in Austria and an area of land
in Czechoslovakia known as the Sudetenland.
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Western countries adopted a policy of
appeasement, which means that they gave in to the
aggressive demands of Germany to maintain
peace.
This was a very weak response by the western
countries, and Hitler took advantage of this
appeasement policy buy continuing his territorial
aggression.
At the Munich Conference in 1938, western
democracies agreed that Germany would seize
control of the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia.
Leaders of Britain, France, and the United States
knew that their citizens were reluctant to get
involved in another costly war. This factor and
others kept them from responding immediately to
the aggression of Germany, Italy, and Japan.
In the face of this weakness Japan, Italy, and
Germany formed an alliance.
 It became clear that the appeasement policy of
the western countries had failed.
Several key events marked the start of WWII:
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Hitler took over the rest of Czechoslovakia in 1939
Hitler made a pact with Joseph Stalin, which stated
that the two enemies would not fight each other
In September of 1939, Germany invaded Poland,
finally causing Great Britain and France to declare
war on Germany.
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The war was fought between the Axis Powers
(Germany, Italy, and Japan) and the Allies
(France and Great Britain).
The allies were later joined by the United
States, Soviet Union, and China.
At first, Germany and its allies dominated.
Nazi forces conquered Poland in a swift,
massive attack known as a blitzkrieg, or
lightning warfare.
In 1940, Hitler overran Norway, Denmark, the
Netherlands, and Belgium.
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The Axis powers won quick victories in the
first several years of the war.
Several events after 1940, turn the tide of the
war in favor of the Allies.
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Although the United States had declared their neutrality in
the war, Franklin Roosevelt met with England’s prime
minister Winston Churchill.
Both men agreed that they wanted to end Nazi tyranny.
To end Japanese aggression, the US banned the sale of war
materials to Japan.
This act angered the Japanese, resulting in the surprise
attack launched on December 7, 1941.
On this date the Japanese attacked American military bases
at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
More than 2,400 people were killed, and many ships and
planes were destroyed.
Franklin Roosevelt immediately asked Congress to declare
war on Japan.
The United States now joined the side of the Allies
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harbor&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei
=nkmeUrP0KsfRkQffrICgBA&sqi=2&ved=
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l=1&safe=active
http://www.history.com/topics/pearl-harbor/videos#attack-pearl-harbor
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv1niwxQgoY
Battle of Stalingrad (1942-1943)
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The Germans invaded the Soviet Union in 1941.
After steadily advancing they became stalled outside
Moscow and Leningrad.
Hitler turned south but the freezing winter and
Russian army caused the Germans to surrender in
1943.
Soviets drove the Germans out of Russia.
El Alamein (1942)
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The Germans won many battles in Africa, however
British and American forces were able to drive the
Germans out of Africa in this famous battle.
Invasion of Italy (1943)
The victory in Africa allowed the British and the
Americans to land in Italy.
 Hitler was in turn forced to send more troops to Italy,
weakening his forces in Western Europe.
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Invasion of Normandy
The allies invaded France (occupied by the Germans) on
June 6, 1944 (D-DAY).
 Allied troops were ferried across the English Channel,
landing on the beaches of Normandy.
 Allied forces broke through German defense to advance
toward Paris.
 Turning Point: No longer did the Germans have control
of France. Now Allies could make their way to Germany.
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http://www.google.com/search?q=pearl+harbor&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa
=X&ei=nkmeUrP0KsfRkQffrICgBA&sqi=2&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1280&
bih=930&surl=1&safe=active#q=d-day&safe=active&tbm=isch
The war in Europe ended on May 7, 1945, with
the Germans’ surrender.
 Fighting in the Pacific would continue until the
Japanese surrendered in August 1945.
Yalta Conference
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In February 1945, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
met a Soviet resort called Yalta.
These individuals knew that the war was close to an
end and needed to devise a plan for Germany.
These three leaders decided to divide Germany into
zones.
France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States
would each be given a zone in Germany.
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Japan was the only Axis country left, and were
greatly weakened.
The United States took the offensive and began
to recapture lands taken over by Japan,
eventually moving in on Japan itself.
By 1944, the Americans had begun to bomb
Japanese cities, however the Japanese refused
to surrender.
With no war in Europe, the U.S. poured its
resources into the Pacific.
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On August 6, 1945, an American plane
dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima.
The bomb flattened 4 square miles of the city
and killed 70,000 people.
The U.S. later dropped another bomb on
Nagasaki, killing 40,000 people.
The Japanese Emperor Hirohito forced his
government to surrender, and a peace treaty
was signed on September 2, 1945.
http://www.history.com/topics/bombin
g-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki
http://www.history.com/topics/bombin
g-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t19kv
UiHvAE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF4
LQaWJRDg
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Both the Allied and Axis powers engaged in
total war.
Major cities become targets of bombings,
causing the destruction of infrastructure and
killing civilians.
Democratic governments increased their power
during the war by ordering factories to
produce war materials instead of civilian
products.
Prices and wages were fixed, and consumer
goods were rationed.
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Democratic governments sometimes limited the
rights of certain individuals.
In the United States and Canada, some people of
Japanese descent were forced into internment
camps.
The British took similar action with those of
German ancestry.
Just like in WWI, women played a huge role in
WWII; women not only worked in the factories by
producing planes, ships, and automobiles, but they
also served in the military driving trucks and
ambulances, decoding messages, and serving as
nurses in field hospitals.
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One of Hitler’s goals was to create “living
space” for Germans who he considered racially
superior.
Hitler planned to destroy those who he found
inferior.
Jews were the main target, but he also wanted
to destroy Slavs, Gypsies, and the mentally or
physically disabled.
The attempt to destroy an entire ethnic or
religious group is called genocide.
Hitler committed genocide against the Jews.
 He began by limiting the rights and
encouraging the violence against the Jews.
 Most notably, on November 8, 1938, organized
violence against the Jews occurred with the
burning of Jewish synagogues, businesses,
cemeteries, schools, and homes.
 This night was known as Kristallnacht.
 The next day, 30,000 Jews were arrested for
being Jewish.
Pictures
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On January 20, 1942 Nazi leaders met in Berlin to
discuss the “final solution of the Jewish question”.
The Nazis made plans to round up Jews from the
vast areas of Nazi controlled Europe and take
them to detention centers known as concentration
camps.
At these concentration camps, healthy individuals
would work as slaves until they dropped dead of
exhaustion, disease, or malnutrition.
Most others, including the elderly, sick, or young
children would be sent to extermination camps.
It was in these extermination camps where these
individuals were executed in large gas chambers.
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The Nazis constructed gas chambers (rooms that
filled with poison gas to kill those inside) to
increase killing efficiency and to make the process
more impersonal for the perpetrators.
At the Auschwitz camp complex, the Birkenau
killing center had four gas chambers. During the
height of deportations to the camp, up to 6,000
Jews were gassed there each day.
Millions of people were imprisoned and abused in
the various types of Nazi camps.
Under SS management, the Germans and their
collaborators systematically murdered more than
three million Jews in the killing centers alone.
Only a small fraction of those imprisoned in Nazi
camps survived.
http://www.history.com/topics/theholocaust/videos#concentration-campliberation
http://video.about.com/history1900s/Na
zi-Concentration-Camps.htm
http://video.about.com/history1900s/Ov
erview-of-the-Holocaust.htm
http://video.about.com/history1900s/Ov
erview-of-Auschwitz.htm
http://auschwitzvirtualtour.com/Home.h
tml