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This presentation will summarize the social,
political, and militaristic events in Germany~1925-50
Lauren’s discussion of 1900-25: WWI, Treaty of Versailles,
League of Nations (UN 1945), Nazi Party (NSDAP)
Social – technology, and art/architecture, literature, music
Political – rise of Hitler in 1930’s
http://www.klisia.net/
blog/swastika.png
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.
svg/300px-Star_of_David.svg.png
Militaristic – horrific WWII
Conclusion – global after effects
http://dev.forcesofvalor.
com/images/product/pri
mary_image/85003.jpg
http://burningbosom.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/question_mark.jpg
Germany: ca. 1925-1950
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GER2724 - German Culture & Civilization
Major advances in technology were made in the
second industrialization of Germany after WWI
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi
a/commons/9/98/Deutsche_Lufthan
sa_Junkers_G.38.jpg
North German Lloyd’s Bremen
http://cruiselinehistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/ss_bremen_1_30595624_std.jpg
Junkers G.38 largest transport plane
Dornier Do X largest seaplane
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Dox.JPG
Autobahn – Cologne to Bonn
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:German_Autobahn_1936_1939.jpg
Kruckenberg’s Schienenzeppelin fastest railcar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Schienenzepp_ramp.jpg
Werner Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
Germany: ca. 1925-1950
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GER2724 - German Culture & Civilization
There is a whole other set of technology associated
specifically with the Wehrmacht, the defense force
Arthur Scherbius’ Wehrmacht Enigma
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Enigma.jpg
Jerrycan fuel containers
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Jerrycans_AMW.jpg
V-1 – 1st cruise missile
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:V1FlyingBomb.JPG
Panther & Tiger tanks counter Soviet T-34
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:TigerITankTunis.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:PantherTankColor.jpg
Messerschmitt Me 262 – 1st turbojet fighter
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Messerschmitt_Me_262A_at_the_National_Museum_of_the_USAF.jpg
Germany: ca. 1925-1950
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GER2724 - German Culture & Civilization
German architecture was beginning to focus around
modernization, and the working class until Nazism
Lauren introduced us to expressionism and
the New Objectivity (post-expressionism)
Walter Gropius’ Bauhaus architecture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:BauhausType.jpg
Hannes Meyer (1927-30), Ludwig Miles van der Rohe (1930-33)
Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky’s Frankfurt kitchen (1926)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Frankfurterkueche.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Weissenhof_Scharoun_1.jpg
Weissenhof Estate in Stuttgart 1927,
Intended for the working class
Germany: ca. 1925-1950
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GER2724 - German Culture & Civilization
The Nazi regime dubbed everything “degenerate art”
and the only art/architecture left had to be approved
Blut und Boden - “Blood and Soil” (descent and homeland)
Adolf Wissel’s Kalenberger Bauernfamilie
http://www.jungeforschung.de/bildervl/wissel.jpg
Arno Breker’s Die Partei
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:ArnoBrekerDiePartei.jpg
Albert Speer’s Zeppelinfeld
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lichtdom.jpg
Speer, Hitler, and Breker in Paris
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Adolf_Hitler_in_Paris_1940.jpg
Germany: ca. 1925-1950
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GER2724 - German Culture & Civilization
There were numerous authors up to and throughout
Nazi Germany, who exiled them and burned works
Thomas Mann, Nobel Prize in Literature 1929
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Thomas_Mann_1937.jpg
Magic Mountain – extremely influential (1924)
Doktor Faustus – anti-WWII, anti-Nazi (1947)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Klaus_Mann.jpg
His son Klaus Mann’s Mephisto – anti-Nazi (1936)
Ernst Jünger’s Storm of Steel and Der Arbeiter
http://criticomo.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/20070613212553-ernst-junger.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:AllQuietOnTheWesternFront.jpg
Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front
Germany: ca. 1925-1950
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GER2724 - German Culture & Civilization
There were numerous authors up to and throughout
Nazi Germany, who exiled them and burned works
Carl von Ossietzky (pacifist)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Carl_von_Ossietzky.jpg
Anna Seghers’ The Seventh Cross (1942)
http://golm.rz.uni-potsdam.de/mexiko/Rabe/images/portraetserghers.jpg
Nobel Prize in Literature 1946
Hermann Hesse’s The Glass Bead Game
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hermann_Hesse_1927_Photo_Gret_Widmann.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Joseph_S%C3%BC%C3%9F_Oppenheimer.jpg
Lion Feuchtwanger’ Jud Süß (1925) and Erfolg (Success)
Germany: ca. 1925-1950
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GER2724 - German Culture & Civilization
Many composers emigrated to the US when Nazis
came to power, and the ones who remained are few
Willhelm Furtwängler
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wilhelm
_Furtw%C3%A4ngler_by_Emil_Orlik.jpeg
http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Cour
tyard/1652/Media/Karajan.JPG
Herbert von Karajan (conductor)
Believed to have joined the
Nazis to continue his career
Highly critical of Nazis but stayed
and performed at events
Marlene Dietrich
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Marlene_Dietrich_in_Stage_Fright_trailer.jpg
Swing Movement
Germany: ca. 1925-1950
Cabaret singer, first German to be
a Hollywood actress, very anti-Nazi
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GER2724 - German Culture & Civilization
The film industry boomed in the 1920s then seized
by Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels
Fritz Lang’s Metropolis (1927)
Leni Reifenstahl’s Triumph
des Willens (1934)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image
:Triumph_poster.jpg
Fritz Hippler’s
Der ewige Jude (1940)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imag
e:Metropolisposter.jpg
Germany: ca. 1925-1950
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:EwigerJudeFilm.jpg
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GER2724 - German Culture & Civilization
There are a number of German terms mentioned
associated with Nazism and Hitler’s rise to power
Dolchestoßlegende – “stab-in-the-back legend”
•WWI to WWII
•Jews’ lack of patriotism as a scapegoat
Sturmabteilung (SA) – “Assault squadron”
• street fights with Communists, Social Democrats
•Hitler Youth
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I
mage:SA-Logo.svg
Machtergreifung – “Seizure of power”
•Jan. 30, 1933 •Debate whether it was seizure or sneaking
Gliechschaltung – “forcing into line”
•1933-37: Elimination of non-Nazi organizations (trade unions, political parties)
Gestapo (geheime Staatspolizei) – “Secret State Police”
•Prussian Secret Police
• Nazi Germany
•Nuremberg Trials
Schutzstaffel (SS) – “ Protective Squadron”
•“Aryan ideology”
•supreme loyalty
•Holocaust
http://www.aclibrary.org/eventkeeper/Graphics/CTV/play%20button.jpg
Germany: ca. 1925-1950
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GER2724 - German Culture & Civilization
The events going on in the background at the time
create atmosphere of panic, hate, massive violence
animosity from Britain, France, US
Germany turns to new Soviet Union
http://www.nationstates.n
et/images/flags/uploads/t
he_all-soviet_union.jpg
Germany defaults on reparation payments,
Ruhr region occupied, passive resistance
http://www.webstock
pro.com/Comp/Phot
odisc2/78567040.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I
mage:Inflation-1923.jpg
Germany: ca. 1925-1950
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gard2.no/no_dollar.gif
1920s hyperinflation
1929 stock market crash
1930s mass unemployment
Bitterness about Weimar Republic (1918-1933)
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GER2724 - German Culture & Civilization
Hitler rises to power by winning electoral battles at a
time of chaos by promising changes to the people
http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/images/highres_00023142%20copy.jpg
1923
Beer Hall Putsch –
failed coup
Prison time: Mein Kampf
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co
mmons/b/b5/Paul_von_Hindenburg.jpeg
1930 Great Depression
1932
Hitler’s German citizenship
Hindenburg re-elected
Order of new Chancellors:
Heinrich Brüning
Franz von Papen
Kurt von Schleicher
Adolf Hitler (1933)
Germany: ca. 1925-1950
1924: calmer politics, better economy
1925: Pres. Paul von Hindenburg
1933 Reichstag Fire Decree  citizen rights
Enabling Act of 1933  Third Reich
1934 Night of the Long Knives  SS
1935 Nuremberg Laws  discrimination
1936 Germans in demilitarized Rhineland
1938 “Anschluss” - Großdeutschland
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Hitler’s decision of an offensive in foreign policy
sparks the deadliest conflict in human history: WWII
Axis Powers
Germany
Allied Powers
USSR
Italy
British Empire
Japan
United States
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/images/jude2.gif
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co
mmons/b/b5/Paul_von_Hindenburg.jpeg
Germany: ca. 1925-1950
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GER2724 - German Culture & Civilization
WWII devastated Germany’s government, economy,
people, left it physically divided, and led to Cold War
Unconditional surrender at Reims:
end of Germany as a nation state
http://www.historicaldocuments.
com/GermanySurrenders1.jpg
Potsdam Agreement (Conference) –
Germany: no threats to world peace
http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/WW2Pics5/26347bg.jpg
widespread homelessness, hunger,
crime, displacement of people
http://www.ushmm.org/lcmedia/photo/lc/image/66/66970.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi
a/commons/8/85/Berlin-wall.jpg
Germany: ca. 1925-1950
Marshall Plan, Soviets block West
Berlin, Cold War, Berlin Airlift
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GER2724 - German Culture & Civilization
In conclusion, Germany is left divided into the East
and West Germany until fall of Berlin Wall in 1989
Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)
German Democratic Republic (GDR)
“West Germany”
“East Germany”
Marshall Plan
Communist state
NATO
Warsaw Pact
Wirtschaftswunder
“Stasi” secret police
http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1998/09/ger
many/east.west/germany.berlin.east.west.jpg
Germany: ca. 1925-1950
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GER2724 - German Culture & Civilization