Download Human blood type review

Human blood
type review
• Could two individuals with type A
blood ever produce any offspring with
type O blood? Explain using a Punnett
square!
Answer: Both parents would have to be
AO genotype to create O blood type
offspring.
• Could 2 individuals with type O blood
ever produce any offspring with type A
blood? Explain using a Punnett
square.
Answer: No. Both individuals have O
blood which is OO genotype. No A
alleles are available.
• Could a type O individual and a type
AB individual ever produce any
offspring with type A blood? Explain
by using a Punnett square.
Answer: Yes. In fact, an O individual and
an AB individual can only create
offspring that have the genotypes AO
and BO, which are blood types A and B.
• A man has A blood and his wife has
type B. A physician types the blood of
their four children and is amazed to
find one of each of the blood types
among them. (A, B, AB, and O) How
could this happen? Show the Punnett
square.
Answer: The man has to be AO and the
wife has to be BO in order to create all
possible blood types.
Yes, he can be the father of all of those
children! 
• A woman sues a man for the support
of her child. She has type A blood, her
child has type O, and the man has
type B. Could the man be the father?
Explain with a Punnett square.
Answer: Yes if mom is AO and the man is
BO blood type, thus able to create an
OO, O blood type, child.
• A wealthy elderly couple die together
in an accident. Soon, a man shows up
to claim their fortune saying that he is
their only son who ran away from
home as a boy. Other relatives
dispute the claim. Hospital records
show that the deceased couple were
type AB and O. The claimant to the
fortune was type O. Could he be their
son? Explain with a Punnett square.
Answer: No the claimant cannot be their
son. The elderly couple were AB and O,
which can only create A or B blood
typed individuals.
• Suppose two newborn babies were
accidentally mixed up in the hospital.
From the following test results, identify
which baby belongs to which parents.
• BABY 1 = O
BABY 2 = A
• Mrs. Brown = B
Mr. Brown = AB
• Mrs. Smith = B
Mr. Smith = B
Answer: Baby 1 has to belong to Mr. and
Mrs. Smith. (Both parents are BO
genotype)
Baby 2 has to belong to Mr. and Mrs.
Brown. (Can only create A, AB, or B
blood types)
Genetic
Disorders
Review
Male or female?
Female!
What genetic disorder is
shown below?
Answer: XXY, Klinefelter’s
Syndrome
What genetic disorder is
shown below?
Answer: Trisomy 21,
Down Syndrome
Which disorder below is caused by an Xlinked recessive gene?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Turner syndrome
Down syndrome
Jacob’s
Patau syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cri-du-Chat
Edwards syndrome
Hemophilia
Triple X
Which disorder below is caused by an Xlinked recessive gene?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Turner syndrome
Down syndrome
Jacob’s
Patau syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cri-du-Chat
Edwards syndrome
Hemophilia
Triple X
Which disorder below is Trisomy 13?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Turner syndrome
Down syndrome
Jacob’s
Patau syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cri-du-Chat
Edwards syndrome
Hemophilia
Triple X
Which disorder below is Trisomy 13?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Turner syndrome
Down syndrome
Jacob’s
Patau syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cri-du-Chat
Edwards syndrome
Hemophilia
Triple X
Which disorder below can cause a male to
show breast development?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Turner syndrome
Down syndrome
Jacob’s
Patau syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cri-du-Chat
Edwards syndrome
Hemophilia
Triple X
Which disorder below can cause a male to
show breast development?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Turner syndrome
Down syndrome
Jacob’s
Patau syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cri-du-Chat
Edwards syndrome
Hemophilia
Triple X
Which disorder below can result in only
females and is linked to sterility, obesity,
and a broad chest?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Turner syndrome
Down syndrome
Jacob’s
Patau syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cri-du-Chat
Edwards syndrome
Hemophilia
Triple X
Which disorder below can result in only
females and is linked to sterility, obesity,
and a broad chest?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Turner syndrome
Down syndrome
Jacob’s
Patau syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cri-du-Chat
Edwards syndrome
Hemophilia
Triple X
Which disorder below is trisomy 21, giving
a person distinct facial characteristics and
mild to severe mental retardation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Turner syndrome
Down syndrome
Jacob’s
Patau syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cri-du-Chat
Edwards syndrome
Hemophilia
Triple X
Which disorder below is trisomy 21, giving
a person distinct facial characteristics and
mild to severe mental retardation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Turner syndrome
Down syndrome
Jacob’s
Patau syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cri-du-Chat
Edwards syndrome
Hemophilia
Triple X
Which disorder below is caused by a
broken 5th chromosome and can cause a
baby to have a cat-like sounding cry?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Turner syndrome
Down syndrome
Jacob’s
Patau syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cri-du-Chat
Edwards syndrome
Hemophilia
Triple X
Which disorder below is caused by a
broken 5th chromosome and can cause a
baby to have a cat-like sounding cry?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Turner syndrome
Down syndrome
Jacob’s
Patau syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cri-du-Chat
Edwards syndrome
Hemophilia
Triple X
Which disorder below is XYY, male, tall,
and often aggressive?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Turner syndrome
Down syndrome
Jacob’s
Patau syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cri-du-Chat
Edwards syndrome
Hemophilia
Triple X
Which disorder below is XYY, male, tall,
and often aggressive?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Turner syndrome
Down syndrome
Jacob’s
Patau syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cri-du-Chat
Edwards syndrome
Hemophilia
Triple X
Which disorder below is always a female
and appears normal phenotypically?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Turner syndrome
Down syndrome
Jacob’s
Patau syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cri-du-Chat
Edwards syndrome
Hemophilia
Triple X
Which disorder below is always a female
and appears normal phenotypically?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Turner syndrome
Down syndrome
Jacob’s
Patau syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cri-du-Chat
Edwards syndrome
Hemophilia
Triple X
Which disorder below is Trisomy 18 and
often is noticed by a person who makes
fists with overlapping fingers?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Turner syndrome
Down syndrome
Jacob’s
Patau syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cri-du-Chat
Edwards syndrome
Hemophilia
Triple X
Which disorder below is Trisomy 18 and
often is noticed by a person who makes
fists with overlapping fingers?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Turner syndrome
Down syndrome
Jacob’s
Patau syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cri-du-Chat
Edwards syndrome
Hemophilia
Triple X
Which of these statements is TRUE about
Patau Syndrome?
a. It affects only males.
b. It affects only females
c. Both sexes are equally likely to have it.
Be sure to explain your answer!
Which of these statements is TRUE about
Patau Syndrome?
a. It affects only males.
b. It affects only females
c. Both sexes are equally likely to have it.
Be sure to explain your answer!
Patau syndrome is autosomal not sexlinked.
Which of these disorders could be
diagnosed using a karyotype?
a.
b.
c.
d.
PKU
Hemophilia
Patau
Tay-Sachs
Which of these disorders could be
diagnosed using a karyotype?
a.
b.
c.
d.
PKU
Hemophilia
Patau
Tay-Sachs
Nondisjunction. The rest are based on
recessive/dominant alleles.
Humans have ______ pair(s) of autosomal
chromosomes and _____ pair(s) of sex
chromosomes?
Humans have __22__ pair(s) of autosomal
chromosomes and _1__ pair(s) of sex
chromosomes?
Which of these disorders is caused by
nondisjunction of an autosomal
chromosome?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Turner syndrome
Triple X
Edwards
Klinefelter’s
Which of these disorders is caused by
nondisjunction of an autosomal
chromosome?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Turner syndrome
Triple X
Edwards
Klinefelter’s
Sex-linked Traits
• Most sex-linked traits are associated
with which sex chromosome?
• Answer: X chromosome (larger than Y
chromosome)
• Lucille does not have hemophilia, but
her father did. Lucille’s genotype
MUST be
a.
b.
c.
d.
X NX N
X NX n
X NY
X nX n
• Lucille does not have hemophilia, but
her father did. Lucille’s genotype
MUST be
a.
b.
c.
d.
X NX N
XNX n
X NY
X nX n
Frank does not have hemophilia, his
genotype must be
a.
b.
c.
d.
X NXN
X NX n
X NY
X nY
Frank does not have hemophilia, his
genotype must be
a.
b.
c.
d.
X NXN
X NX n
XNY
X nY
Lucille (a carrier for hemophilia) and
Frank (who does not have hemophilia)
have children, what are the chances
they will have a child with hemophilia?
Show the Punnett square as proof.
Answer: Chances are 25% that they will
have a child with hemophilia.
Lucille has found out that she’s having a
boy. What are the chances that her
child will have hemophilia? (Lucille is a
carrier and Frank is normal) Show the
Punnett square as proof.
Answer: 50% because 1 out of every 2
boys have the possibility of being
hemophilic.
Explain why calico cats are always
female.
Answer: The genes for orange and black
fur colors are on the X chromosome and
the female gets 2 X chromosomes.
The gene for eye color in fruit flies is
located on the X chromosome. Red
Eyes dominates over white eyes. Use XR
to represent the red-eye gene and Xr to
represent the gene for white eyes.
Tabitha is a red-eyed fly who has sons
with white eyes. Her genotype MUST be
what?
If a red eyed carrier female fly mates
with a white eyed male fly, what
percentage of their offspring will have
white eyes?
Answer: 50% of offspring will have white
eyes. (one out of two females and one
out of two males)
In Whitney’s family, cyclopia is an Xlinked recessive disease, represented by
Xa. Whitney’s father was a Cyclops and
Whitney is not a Cyclops.
What is Whitney’s genotype?
Based on this information, Whitney is a
a. Carrier of cyclopia
b. Is a Cyclops
c. Does not have or carry cyclopia
Whitney’s husband, Jason, does not
have cyclopia. What is the chance that
one of their children will be a Cyclops?
Show the Punnett square.
Answer: One of their son’s could be a
Cyclops – 25% of the offspring.
Which gender is more likely to exhibit an
X-linked recessive trait?
Answer: Males because they only have 1
X chromosome where females have 2 X
chromosomes.
Adrenoleukodystrophy is an X-linked
recessive disease. Alex has
Adrenoleukodystrophy. He most likely
got it from
a. Mom
b. Dad
c. Either Parent
d. Eating Paint Chips
Adrenoleukodystrophy is an X-linked
recessive disease. Alex has
Adrenoleukodystrophy. He most likely
got it from
a. Mom
b. Dad
c. Either Parent
d. Eating Paint Chips
True or false. A hemophiliac girl’s father
must also be a hemophiliac.
Draw the Punnett square to prove it.
Answer: True. The father can only give
an X chromosome with a recessive allele
for hemophilia if he himself has
hemophilia.
How would you write the genotype for
an individual who is a female and is
homozygous dominant for normal color
vision?
Answer: The individual would have 2
dominant (capital) alleles on the X
chromosomes.
Pedigree Charts
Shaded individuals have long nose hairs.
Based on the pedigree, having long nose
hairs must be a dominant or recessive
trait?
Shaded individuals have long nose hairs.
Based on the pedigree, having long nose
hairs must be a dominant or recessive
trait? ANSWER: Recessive.
How many generations are shown in the
pedigree above?
ANSWER: Three generations. One, 2, 3,
or P, F1, and F2 generations.
Shaded individuals have long nose hairs.
For the only parents in the F1 generation,
what do both of their genotypes have to
be? (Use N or n as the alleles)
Answer: Parents in F1 generation must be
Nn (heterozygous) for long nose hairs.