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IM426A-GROUP2
Knowledge of the business domain
– business process
Teacher: Dr. Celeste Ng
Business process
• A collection of related, structured
activities that serve a particular goal for
a particular customer or customers.
• It often can be visualized with a
flowchart as a sequence of activities.
Accounting process
961760 席安琪
What is accounting process?
• The accounting process repeated in each
reporting period, to verify transactions
and prepare financial statements for users.
– Allows managers to make informed decisions
– Keeps investors realize developments in the business
– Keeps the business profitable
• General Ledger - a formal, detailed record of all
Association accounts, transactions and entries.
• Journal Voucher - A document that provides
written authorization for a financial transaction,
often used in place of or supplementary to the
journals.
• Financial Statements - The purpose of these
statements is to show the reader the financial
position, financial performance and cash flows of a
business, as well as other useful information
concerning the business.
PART1
PART2
Who is the user of
accounting processes?
• The user
– Accountants
– CFO, Manager
– Investor
Purchasing Process
961749 周偉璇
What is Purchasing?
Purchasing is the act of buying the goods and
services that a company needs to operate
and/or manufacture products.
Who are the owner and user
of that processes?
• Requirement proposer
Decide what to buy and how many to buy.
• Purchase department stuff
Behalf of the company and outside vendors to do business.
• Supplier
Provide goods information and pricing.
Purchasing process
(1)Provide
purchase
requirement
(5)Inquire price
(6)Choice
supplier
(10)Record the
order
(2)Confirm
purchase
requirement
(3)Get the
requirement's
detail
(4)Find
possible
supplier
(7)Trace order
(9)Pay and finish
order
(8)Receive
and check
goods
Purchasing process
(1)Provide
purchase
requirement
(2)Confirm
purchase
requirement
(3)Get the
requirement's
detail
(1) Provide purchase requirement
Proposer ask for purchase.
(2) Confirm Purchase requirement
Decide purchasing strategy.
Decide require quantity.
(3) Get the requirement’s detail
Purchaser need to know the specification of
goods that requirement proposer want.
Purchasing process
(4)Find
possible
supplier
(5)Inquire price
(4) Find possible supplier:
Create estimate standard.
Get supplier’s financial information.
(5) Inquire price
Collect price information and calculate total
cost.
Purchasing process
(6)Choice
supplier
(7)Trace order
(8)Receive and
examine
(6) Choice supplier:
Consider supplier’s quality ,price ,delivery and
service (including installation, maintenance and
warranty).
(7) Trace order
Maintain contact with supplier.
(8) Receive and check goods
Check quantity and filter defective goods.
Purchasing process
(9)Pay and finish
order
(10)Record the
order
(9) Pay and finish order
Pay orders.
(10) Record the order
Procurement records archive for future legal or tax
demand.
參考資料
• http://www.vanderbilt.edu/procurement/eprocurement/index.sh
tml
• http://eprocurement.gov.in/home/
• http://www.answers.com/topic/purchasing
• http://www.com2b.com/com2b/ch5/success/01-fet.htm
• 採購與供應管理 許振邦著
Production process
961721 盧緯豪
What is Production Process ?
• It is a methods used to define how
products are to be manufactured.
• It integrates all the tools, machines and
the labor force to make production
more efficient.
What is Production Process ?
• It is used to plan the ordering of
materials and other resources, set
manufacturing schedules.
• The aim are reduced lead time to
product launch, shorter production time
and reduced work in progress
inventories as well as allowing rapid
response to product changes.
Production Process Flow Chart
Quality Control Flow Chart
Who are the owner and user of
this processes ?
• Manufacturing
• Production Manager
• Plant Manager
Reference
• http://www.technologystudent.com/des
ignpro/mssprod1.htm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturi
ng_process_management
• 生產部流程規範化管理
Logistics Process
961729 韓宗庭
What is Logistics?
• Logistics is the movement and supply of
goods throughout the economy, It from
raw materials, through all stages of the
manufacturing process, to the final
delivery of the finished product to
companies and consumers.
Who is the user of logistics
process?
• The user of logistics process is logistics
staff.
Logistics assignment
flowchart
1.Order-Picking
2.Replenishment
3.Shipping
IMPORT & EXPORT
CUSTOMS
961705 陳利禎
What is Customs Clearance ?
Customs clearance means when the cargos, packages,
passengers, transportation and so on in and out of a
country, the owner or the agent should declare at customs.
Delivery the necessary documents and papers to request
the customs to transact the import and export procedures.
Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible
for revenue collection, anti-smuggling operations, bonding
and duty drawback, etc.
Who are the users of the process ?
The person who need import or export cargos in
and out of our country
Import
Process
Import Process part 1
Notify the
Consignee
Release Documents
Against
Import Payment
Bank
(2)
(1)
The Storage
of Cargos
takes the
cargoes
(2-1)
Carrier
Provide the
documents to
Customs Broker
(1)Arrival Information.
(2)Forward the import customs clearance documents.
(2-1)The storage takes the cargos and notify the carrier.
Import Process part 2
Customs
Broker
Carrier
Produce the import
customs declaration
Reply Messages
(3)
Send
(4)NonProduce Connected entry to
the entry
Customs
(6)
(5)
(4-1)
Transform the type of
documents company
(4) Connected
(3)The customs broker produces all entries are needed.
(4)The customs broker sends entries in the type of EDI to TradeVan.
(Non-Connected firms forward the documents in papers.)
(4-1)The carrier sends import customs declarations in type of EDI to
TradeVan.
(5)Customs gets all entries and import customs declarations from
TradeVan, then the expert system determines the mode of
registration of declarations.
(6)Return the result to TradeVan.
Import Process part 3
Transform the type of
documents company
(7)
(7-2)
Repair the
documents
(7-1)
Error-Registration
of Declaration
SuccessfulRegistration of
Declaration
(7)Customes broker or consignee gets the replies and the type
of clearance from TradeVan.
(7-1)(7-2)Customes broker repairs the wrong documents and delivers
the documents again.
Import Process part 4
Successful-Registration
(8)
of Declaration
C3
C2
C1
Examination of Cargos
Tariff Classification and Valuation
(8)Submit necessary documents and
then do the customs clearance work.
Duty Collection
Channel one (C1): duty collection without the review of written
documents or physical examination.
Channel two (C2): only the review of written documents is required
prior to the duty collection.
Channel three (C3): both the review of written documents and physical
examination are required prior to the duty collection.
Import Process part 5
Consignee
Duty Collection (9)
Release of cargos
(10)
(11)
The Storage of Cargos
clears the cargos
(11)
Customs
Broker notify the
storage
(9)Pay the duty.
(10)Transmit the notice of release to the customs broker.
(11)Clear the cargos.
Export
Process
Export Process part 1
(1)
Shipping space
at the Carrier
Shipper
(2)
Provides the
(3)
documents to
Customs Broker
Produces
the Entry
(3-2)
Provides the documents
to the Storage of Cargos
(3-1)
Warehouse
(1)The shipper books the shipping space at the carrier.
(2)The shipper provides the export documents to the customs broker.
(3)The customs broker produces the entries.
(3-1)The customs broker produces the on-board documents.
(3-2)Delivery export cargos to the storage of cargos.
Export Process part 2
Entry
(5)Non-Connected
Warehouse checks
and accepts cargos
(4)
Sends entry
Produces the
to Customs (6)Non-Connected On-Board
Certificate
(8)
(7)
Transform the type of
(5)Connected documents company
(6)Connected
(4)The warehouse checks and accepts the cargos.
(5)The customs broker sends entries in the type of EDI to TradeVan.
(Non-Connected firms forward the documents in papers.)
(6)The warehouse sends the on-board certificate in the type of EDI to TradeVan.
(Non-Connected firms forward the documents in papers.)
(7)Customs gets all entries and on-board documents from TradeVan.
(8)After the expert system determines the mode of registration of declarations,
return the result to TradeVan.
Export Process part 3
Transform the type of
documents company
(9)
(9-2)
Repair the
documents
(9-1)
Error-Registration
of Declaration
SuccessfulRegistration of
Declaration
(9)Customes broker or shipper gets the replies and the type
of clearance from TradeVan.
(9-1)(9-2)Customes broker repairs the wrong documents and delivers
the documents again.
Import Process part 4
Successful-Registration
(10)
of Declaration
C3
C2
C1
Examination of Cargos
Tariff Classification and Valuation
(10)After registration of declaration, according to
the mode to do the customs clearance work. Release of cargos
Channel one (C1): cargos released without the review of written
documents or physical examination.
Channel two (C2): only the review of written documents is required
prior to the release of cargos.
Channel three (C3): both the review of written documents and physical
examination are required prior to the release of cargos.
Export Process part 5
Release of cargos
(11)
Customs Broker
knows the result
(12)
Carrier loads
and effect
shipment
(11)The customs broker and the carrier will know the
result of releasing.
(12)Loading and effect shipment
Marketing Process
Advisor: 吳思佩 老師
Speaker: 柏
聞
What is Marketing?
• "The process of planning and executing
conception, pricing, promotion, and
distribution of ideas, goods, and services to
create exchanges that satisfy individual and
organizational objectives." (1985, AMA)
• Marketing process can be divided into four
parts:
–
–
–
–
Marketing Analysis
Marketing Planning
Marketing Execution
Marketing control
MARKETING PROCESS
ANALYSIS
Situation analysis
• External environment
• Internal analysis
– 5C - Company, Customers, Competitors,
Collaborators, Climate
– PEST analysis - Political, Economic,
Societal, Technological
– SWOT analysis - Strengths,
Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
PLANNING
Market segmentation
• According to a number of factors
(e.g. age, sex, occupation,
education level, purchasing power),
divided the large market into several
relatively small market.
PLANNING
Target market
• To face a number of different
market segments, companies may
choose:
– Undifferentiated marketing
– Differentiated marketing
– Concentrated marketing
• Assessment of factors:
–
–
–
–
Business goals and image
corporate resources
market size and growth
competition
PLANNING
Marketing objectives
• After determining the target market,
we need to set some clear and
reasonable marketing objectives.
• We set goals based on marketing
sales, sales value, profits, marketing
costs and market share.
PLANNING
Marketing mix
• To express the marketing objectives,
marketing department needs to
have a marketing mix(4P’s)
–
–
–
–
Product
Price
Promotion
Place and distribution
MARKETING MIX(4P’s)
• Product
– Among the marketing mix, the product is
the leader of all. After the Product has
been decided, they can plan other 3P's
activities.
• Price
– Among the marketing mix, the price has a
great influence on the amount of profit,
and also can change the consumer's
purchase intention.
MARKETING MIX(4P’s)
• Promotion
– Manufacturers must have to transfer
information about products to consumers
and allow them to understand, love and
buy this product.
• Place and distribution
– Place and distribution's function is to bring
the product into the market, so that
consumers can buy them.
EXECUTION
Organization
• A company needs to promote the
business effectively depend on the
division of labor in different
departments.
• First of all, this division of sectoral
activities is called "Organization“.
Organization Chart
EXECUTION
Staffing
• The human factor is often the key to
success - marketing department needs
to get to the root with the spirit of
research, creative advertising staff and
aggressive salesman.
• Make the right person to do the right
thing - departments must have to
arrange for different personalities to
different departments.
EXECUTION
Task operation
• How to operate the task with the
marketing department leader?
–
–
–
–
Work distribution
Improve staff quality
Coordinate the works of various units
Staff communication
CONTROL
Comparing marketing results
with marketing objectives
• The leader of the marketing
department should compare the
different between marketing results
and planning objectives at any time.
CONTROL
Corrective Action
• Proposing the corrective action to
adjust the marketing to approach the
marketing objective.
MARKETING PROCESS
Who are the owner and user
of that processes?
• Owner
– The entire company, company’s marketing
department
• User
– Company’s marketing department
Order Process
961718 楊雅婷
What is the order processing?
• "Order processing" is the term generally used
to describe the process or the work flow
associated with the picking, packing and
delivery of the packed item(s) to a shipping
carrier. The specific "order fulfillment
process" or the operational procedures of
distribution centers are determined by many
factors.
961718
Who are the owner and user of
this process?
• The owner of this process is business
staffs, and the user of this process is
customers.
961718
Flow chart
961718
Flow chart
961718
Phase of order acquiring
961718
Phase of order confirming
961718
Phase of production
961718
Phase of shipment
961718
Phase of managing accounts
receivable
961718
Human Resources
process
961757 李柏廷
What Is HRM ?
• HRM (Human Resources Management)
is the process of execution and control
which make the people and things in
the enterprise environment match
appropriately.
Who are the users of the
process ?
• The manager of human resource
department
HRM process
HRM process
• Surface of human resource strategy
– Strategy Integration
• Environmental factors
– Political,Economic,Social,Technological,Internati
onal
• Organization Environment
• Human Resource Planning
Human
Resource
Planning
process
HRM process
•
•
•
•
•
•
Recruitment Selection
Placement
Basic pay and benefits
Bonus
Performance Management
Career Development
Recruitment
process
Selection
process
HRM process
•
•
•
•
Management labor relations
Management of the environment
Human resources objectives
Organization's long-term goals
Research and
Development Process
961702 王正安
What is R&D?
• R&D refers to the research and
development work or department within
a large company or organization.
• R&D not only represent to new
product’s researching and development,
but new technology, that is why R&D so
important in all kinds of property.
R&D and Information System
• R&D is much more important in this
time. In order to make R&D more
efficiency, we can use computer
technology to support it. But now
,companies develop R&D information
system to support R&D and make R&D
integrity.
Flow chart
1.A Part
1.B Part
1.C Part
1.D Part
2.E Part
2.F Part
Who are the owner and user ?
• The owner of R&D process is R&D
department.
• The user of R&D process are
manufacturers ,researchers and
developers.
Project Management Process
961711 林映瑄
What is Project Management?
• Project management is the discipline of planning,
organizing, and managing resources to bring about
the successful completion of specific project goals
and objectives
• Project management is a methodical approach to
planning and guiding project processes from start to
finish
• The Project Management processes are guided
through five stages: initiation, planning, executing,
controlling, and closing
Who are the user of project
management process?
• Project Manager
Project Management Process
Initiating the Project
Planning the Project
Controlling the Project
Executing the Project
Closing the Project
Initiating Process
• The initiation processes determine the nature
and scope of the project.
• Authorize to start a project or process next
stage
Initiating Process
Project Manager assign by
Project Coach
Project Coach meet with
Project Manager to discuss
the project proposal
YES
Project Manager meets with customer
to negotiate project scope, constraints,
and deadlines
Project Manager updates the
project proposal
Project Manager reviews the
project proposal with Project
Coach and Customers
Project Manager
NO
updates the project NO
Redefine project?
proposal to indicate
cancel/hold status
Proceed with the
project as defined?
YES
Initiate
Planning the Project
Planning Process
• The main purpose of planning process is to
define project purpose and plan time, cost
and resources adequately to estimate the
work needed and to effectively manage risk
during project execution for achieving
objective
Select project team members
Analyze Stakeholders
Planning Process Determine Project Deliverables
Identify major milestones and
create Work Breakdown Structure
(WBS)
Identify risks
Determine task sequence,
identify task dependencies, and
estimate task duration
Allocate resources, create schedule,
and calculate project cost
Assemble project plan and the risk
management document
Review assembled documents
with stakeholders
Modify project plan or the risk No
management document
Proceed with plan
as presented
Yes
Establish baseline plan
and initiate
Executing the Project
Executing Process
• Executing consists of the processes used to
complete the work defined in the project
management plan to accomplish the project's
requirements.
Executing Process
Prepare and train
the project team
Manage project team
Manage stakeholder
relationship
Gather and distribute
project related
information
Resolve conflicts
Execute the project plan
Record actual
resource utilization
Controlling and
change or not
process flow
related process
Yes
Modify the project
plan
No
Controlling Process
• controlling consists of those processes
performed to observe project execution so
that potential problems can be identified in a
timely manner and corrective action can be
taken, when necessary, to control the
execution of the project.
Controlling Process
Collect information
on status
Conduct stakeholder
review
Assess and analyze
project status and
project performance
Report Project status
Control project
scope
Control project
resources
Control project schedule
Revisit
Planning the Project
Yes
Major
changes?
No
Continue Executing
Closing the Project
Closing Process
Prepare for PostProject Review
Conduct
Post-Project Review
Document
”Lessons Learned”
Dispose project inventory
Archive project records
Disband project team
資料來源
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_management#Pr
oject_Management_Processes
• http://ais.msu.edu/internal/projectmgt/overview.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_management#Pr
oject_Management_Processes
• http://www.myilibrary.com?id=87192