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Evolution Review Who proposed inheritance of acquired characteristics? Jean Baptiste Lamarck What has occurred in the second diagram? What are two types of genetic drift? Population bottleneck and the Founder effect • The number of offspring an individual has is a measure of his/her evolutionary _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Three distantly related mammals adapted independently to eat ants and termites. This is an example of ___ evolution. African aardvark Asian pangolin South American anteater Convergent evolution One hypothesis as to why female cheetahs “cheat” is that it increases the genetic diversity of their young. What are the other two hypotheses? 1) to reduce infanticide 2) it requires less energy than fighting off the different males Name 3 vestigial structures in humans. • Ear muscles • Appendix • Wisdom teeth Brown trout reproduce in the fall, and rainbow trout reproduce in the spring. This is an example of _______ isolation. Temporal isolation Microevolution or Macroevolution? Snapping shrimp on either side of the Isthmus of Panama will no longer interbreed. Macroevolution Snapdragon flowers must be pollinated to reproduce, but the flowers are closed. A bumblebee has just enough weight to open a snapdragon flower. This adaptation is an example of ___. Coevolution You’re in a room with 3 monkeys. One is holding a banana. One is holding a stick. One is holding nothing. Which primate is the smartest? YOU are the smartest primate! A radioactive element has a half-life of 10 minutes. How much of 32 g of the element will still be radioactive after 1 hour? 32 g 16 g 8 g 4 g 2 g 1 g 0.5 g List 5 pieces of evidence for evolution. 1) Fossil evidence 2) Anatomy • Homologous structures • Vestigial structures • Analogous structures 3) Embryology 4) Biological molecules (DNA and amino acid sequences) 5) Biogeography Males of two species of bower birds make different styles of nests to attract females. This is an example of ___ isolation. Behavioral isolation Which male buntings are most successful? a) b) c) d) e) bright blue bluish brown dull brown bright blue and bluish brown bright blue and dull brown Which buntings are most successful? e) bright blue and dull brown Which type of natural selection is demonstrated by the buntings? Disruptive selection The forelimbs of humans, cats, and whales are considered to be ______ structures. Homologous Intrasexual or intersexual selection? Female widowbirds prefer to mate with males that have long tailfeathers. Intersexual (female/male) Female widowbirds prefer to mate with males that have long tailfeathers. Galls on goldenrod plants are an example of which type of natural selection? Stabilizing selection Microevolution or Macroevolution? Endosymbiosis Macroevolution Endosymbiosis Archaeopteryx is a fossil linking ____________ and _____________ Birds and reptiles (or dinosaurs) A small number of birds, blown off course during migration, find an island and colonize it. This population will most likely experience genetic drift as a result of: The Founder Effect Microevolution or Macroevolution? A labradoodle is a cross between a labrador retriever and a poodle. Microevolution Name two pieces of evidence for endosymbiosis. • Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes • Mitochondria and chloroplasts can copy (replicate)themselves • Mitochondria and chloroplasts are about the same size as prokaryotes • Mitochondria and chloroplasts have genes that are similar to prokaryotes • Mitochondria and chloroplasts have circular DNA These 2 squirrels, separated by the Grand Canyon, are considered separated species due to ___ isolation. Geographic isolation There are 5 mechanisms for evolution. One is listed below. Name the other four. a) Natural Selection There are 5 mechanims for evolution. One is listed below. Name the other four. a) Natural Selection b) Mutation c) Gene flow d) Genetic drift e) Sexual selection (non-random mating) The Amish population in Pennsylvania stemmed from approximately 200 German immigrants. They have a much higher rate of dwarfism than in other populations. This is due to the ____ Effect. Founder Effect The theory of endosymbiosis explains evolution of ___ and ___ Chloroplasts and mitochondria A model of evolution in which short periods of drastic change in species are separated by long periods of little or no change Punctuated equilibrium Name the 3 types of reproductive isolation. Geographic, behavioral, temporal • What is the “Red Queen” hypothesis? Homology or analogy? Crocodiles and birds both care for and defend their young. • The diversification of one ancestral species into many descendent species is called _______________. The descendents are usually adapted to a wide range of environments.