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Starter
EOCT Warmup
Questions will cycle twice. Pay
attention. 7 total.
Write the letter of your choice on
your paper.
1
1) Which of these adaptations enables a fish
to live underwater?
A) backbone
B) cold-bloodedness
C) gills
D) scales
2) A change in the genetic code of an
organism is called
A) cancer.
B) mitosis.
C) mutation.
D) tumor.
3) Biochemical analysis uses similarities in
__________ as evidence for evolutionary
relationships.
A) DNA sequences
B) bone structure
C) cellular architecture
D) homologous structures
4) What type of biomolecule will be produced at the end of the
process shown in the illustration?
A) a fat
B) a sugar
C) a lipid
D) a protein
5) ___________ are lipids that store energy
and are typically composed of multiple
building blocks containing three fatty acids
attached to a glycerol molecule.
A) Fats
B) Phospholipids
C) Proteins
D) Steroids
6) Chemically speaking, enzymes are
composed of chains of
_________________, and they are
considered to be a type of
__________________.
A) fatty acids, lipid
B) amino acids, protein
C) nucleotides, nucleic acid
D) monosaccharides, carbohydrate
7) The main difference between a prokaryotic
cell and a eukaryotic cell is
A) the ability to grow.
B) the ability to reproduce.
C) the presence of nucleic acids.
D) the presence of a true nucleus.
STARTER
3. The legs of a crocodile and a mouse
1. The main difference between a
have similar bone structures and
prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell
develop in a similar way. What
is
type of structures are the leg
A) the ability to grow.
bones?
B) the ability to reproduce.
A) homologous
C) the presence of nucleic acids.
B)analogous
D) the presence of a true nucleus.
C) fossilized
2. According to Darwin’s theory of
evolution, which of the following is
D) vestigial
MOST responsible for natural
4. From earliest to most recent, which
selection?
is the correct order of evolution?
A)genetic variation
A) protista-animalia-archaebacteria
B) fossilization
B) animalia-archaebacteria-protista
C) extinction
C) archaebacteria-protista-animalia
D) selective breeding
D) animalia-protista-archaebacteria
AGENDA
• Essential Question(s):
• Opening:
– Is there more than one way to
• Starter Questions
classify organisms?
• Work Session:
• Standard(s):
• Cladogram Guided
– SB3. Students will derive the
Notes
relationship between single-celled
and multi-celled organisms and the • Cladogram Building
increasing complexity of systems.
Guided Practice &
• Element(s):
Independent Practice
– SB3.c Examine the evolutionary basis
of modern classification systems. • Closing:
– SB3.b. Compare how the structures
• Homework:
and function vary between the six
Vocabulary
kingdoms (archaebacteria, eubacteria,
protists, fungi, plants, and animal).
• Finalize Instructional
Reflection
• Exit Ticket
Family trees of evolution!
Chapter Organizing Life’s Diversity
17 17.2 Modern Classification
 Cladistics reconstructs phylogenies based on shared
characters.
 Scientists consider two main types of characters
when doing cladistic analysis:
 An ancestral character is found within the entire
line of descent of a group of organisms.
 Derived characters are present members of one
group of the line but not in the common ancestor.
Cladograms
Raccoons
Lesser pandas
Giant pandas Bears
QuickTi me™ and a
TIFF ( Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see thi s pi ctur e.
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this pict ure.
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Common Ancestor
•Cladograms are sometimes called branching diagrams
•Three purposes:
1. Show common ancestors
2. Show shared features
3. Show how closely one organism is related to another
Chapter Organizing Life’s Diversity
17 17.2 Modern Classification
Cladograms
 The greater the
number of derived
characters shared by
groups, the more
recently the groups
share a common
ancestor.
Steps to Creating Cladogram
1. Start with a list of taxa that are to be fit
into the cladogram (the ingroup) and their
derived characters. Choose an outgroup;
a taxa that shares an ancestral character
with the ingroup, but exhibits none of the
derived characters.
Steps to Creating Cladogram
2. Create a character table with the taxon
with the least number of derived characters
in the first row and the taxon with the
greatest number of derived characters
should be the last row. The most common
character that should be in the first
column.
The least common character
should be in the last column.
Steps to Creating Cladogram
3. Build the cladogram step-by-step. Start
with the first character (first column). The
outgroup is the first most primitive
taxon. Separate it from the other taxa on the
cladogram. Each split in the cladogram
marks a separate evolutionary event.
Cladograms
Outgroup
Sharks
Frogs
Kangaroos
Humans
Placenta
Mammary glands
Four Limbs
Vertebrae
Common Ancestor
Ingroups: Frogs,
Kangaroos, Humans
Cladograms
Characteristics Vertebrae
Four Limbs
Mammary
glands
Placenta
Shark
YES
NO
NO
NO
1
Frog
YES
YES
NO
NO
2
Kangaroo
YES
YES
YES
NO
3
Human
YES
YES
YES
YES
4
Cladograms
Sharks
Frogs
Kangaroos
Humans
Placenta
Mammary glands
Four Limbs
Vertebrae
Common Ancestor
Guided Practice
Organisms/
Taxa
Derived Character
Backbone
Legs
Hair
Earthworm
Absent
Absent
Absent
Trout
Present
Absent
Absent
Lizard
Present
Present
Absent
Human
Present
Present
Present
Your Turn to Create Cladogram
• Time activity: 25 Minutes
• Work in Pairs
Closing
• Homework: Vocabulary at top of notes
• Finalize Instructional Reflection
• Exit Ticket
Exit ticket
• 1. Which taxon is most closely related to the leopard?
• 2. Which derived characteristic separates the outgroup from the
ingroups?
• 3. Which taxon has four walking legs, jaws, and a vertebral column
but not an amniotic egg?