Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Figure 13.1 Energy budget of subordinate, nonbreeding “helpers” that associate with breeding pairs in the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher Figure 13.2 Effect of removal of the top-ranked subordinate helper in a cooperatively breeding group of cichlid fish Figure 13.4 Competition for food is a cost of sociality in the fieldfare Brown and Brown 1986 Figure 13.5 Effect of parasites on cliff swallow nestlings Figure 13.6 Social living with defensive benefits? Figure 13.7 Mutual defense in a society of bluegills Gross and MacMillan 1981 Figure 13.8 The different categories of helping behavior Figure 13.9 Cooperation among competitors Greene et al 2000 Greene et al. 2000 Figure 13.12 A meerkat sentinel on the alert for approaching predators Figure 13.13 Experimental demonstration of reciprocity in cotton-top tamarins Figure 13.14 The prisoner’s dilemma Wilkinson 1990 Wilkinson 1984 Figure 13.15 The components of selection and fitness Figure 13.16 Sibling pairs of the cichlid fish Pelivicachromis taeniatus cooperate more than unrelated males and females when it comes to guarding a nest containing their eggs Figure 13.17 A Belding’s ground squirrel gives an alarm call after spotting a terrestrial predator Figure 13.18 Altruism and relatedness in pied kingfishers Figure 13.24 Cooperative breeding in African starlings is associated with species that live in savanna grasslands Figure 13.25 Haplodiploid sex determination in Hymenoptera Figure 13.27 Are workers in social insect colonies forced to be altruistic? (Part 1) Figure 13.27 Are workers in social insect colonies forced to be altruistic? (Part 2) Figure 13.33 Foundress females and workers of the paper wasp Polistes metricus have a similar pattern of gene activity, whereas future reproductives and queens exhibit very different patterns Figure 13.34 Eusociality has an evolutionary history Figure 13.36 Haplodiploidy and the evolution of eusociality in the Hymenoptera (Part 1) Figure 13.36 Haplodiploidy and the evolution of eusociality in the Hymenoptera (Part 2) Figure 13.40 Indirect selection and the origin of eusociality in the Hymenoptera