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AP BIOLOGY
UNIT 1
Week 1
Ms. Darlak
Warm-up 09/19
• Explain what is happening in this picture.
Agenda 09/19
• Essay Hand-in
• Lab Write-up Expectations
• Wooly Worm Lab
• Collect Data
Lab Write-up
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Include the following sections:
• Title: The title should indicate clearly & concisely the subject and scope of the report.
• Introduction: The introduction should give background information about and state the
purpose of the experiment.
• Hypothesis: The hypothesis should be a single statement telling the exact thing you are trying
to prove in your experiment. Never write this statement using "first person".
• Materials: This section includes a list, written in paragraph form, of all the materials and
equipment used. Be sure to include specific amounts and concentrations of chemicals used.
• Methods: This section includes one or more paragraphs explaining the step-by-step
procedures used. The description should be so thorough that someone else could use your
listed materials and procedures to conduct the same experiment & get the same results.
• Results: All data should be collected and organized in a logical order. Results should be
illustrated as charts, tables, graphs, &/or diagrams. All graphs should include a title, the
independent variable on the horizontal axis, and the dependent variable on the vertical
axis. All lab questions and answers should be included also with this section.
• Discussion and Conclusion: In this section, you should interpret the collected data and relate
it to the restated hypothesis. Explain the significance of the results. Include any important
factors that you think may have actually affected your results.If additional research and
experimentation is needed, explain in this section.
POP QUIZ
Label paper 1-5
1. What is your null hypothesis?
2. How many degrees (df) of freedom will we be using
in this lab?
3. At what value (p) is the null hypothesis supported?
4. At what value (p) is the null hypothesis rejected?
5. What does the chi-square value tell you?
POP QUIZ
1.
What is your null hypothesis?
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2.
H0 = If the same number (expected) of each color of wooly worms is collected,
than color DOES NOT have an effect on selection.
H1 = If different numbers (than expected) of each color of wooly worms is
collected, than color DOES have an effect on selection.
How many degrees (df) of freedom will we be using in this lab?
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3.
12 – 1 = 11
At what value (p) is the null hypothesis supported?
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4.
.95 to .10 means a 95% to 10% of the time the observed numbers will be different
from the expected.
At what value (p) is the null hypothesis rejected?
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5.
.05 to .001, means 5% to 0.1% chance factors are likely to cause variance.
What does the chi-square value tell you?
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The probability that the value you obtained is either caused by chance or by
selection
Random vs Selection
• If random, should get ~equal amounts of each
color.
• If not random, colors may will be “selected” in
unequal amounts.
Warm-up 09/20
Which of the following cannot be present for Natural
selection to occur?
• There is variation in traits.
• There is no differential reproduction.
• There is heredity.
• There is a trait that increases the probability to survive.
Explain your answer.
Lab Questions
What was your original null hypothesis.
What was your Chi-square value for this experiment?
How many degrees of freedom were there for this experiment?
What was the probability that your null hypothesis was acceptable?
Did you accept or reject your null hypothesis? What does this mean?
Which color worm had the best chance of being eaten?
Which color worm had the best chance of survival?
What will happen to the gene frequencies for the various colors of
worms?
• What determines which genes will be an advantage and which ones
will be a disadvantage?
• How does this experiment illustrate Darwin's theory of Natural
Selection?
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Homework
• Lab Write-up DUE WED. 09/21
Agenda 09/20
• Textbooks
• Class ID cm182409
• Wooly Worms Data Crunch
• Chapter 22-- Lecture
Wooly Worm Lab
Calculations Tips
• ∑ = means sum of all 12 colors
• Calculate value for each color
• X2 is the sum of all 12 color values
• What is your conclusion?
Warm-up 09/21
• Write down as many details about Darwin as you can.
Agenda 09/21
• What should you be able to do? For Chapter 22
You should now be able to:
1.
Describe the contributions to evolutionary theory made by Linnaeus,
Cuvier, Lyell, Lamarck, Malthus, and Wallace
2.
Describe Lamarck’s theories, and explain why they have been rejected
3.
Explain what Darwin meant by “descent with modification”
4.
List and explain Darwin’s four observations and two inferences
5.
Explain why an individual organism cannot evolve
6.
Describe at least four lines of evidence for evolution by natural selection
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Warm-up 09/22
1. Population Limits
A. Linnaeus
2. Modern Geology
B. Cuvier
3. Acquired Traits
4. Classification &
Taxonomy
5. Fossils & Extinction
6. Evolution & Natural
Selection
C. Lyell
D. Wallace
E. Lamarck
F. Malthus
Agenda 09/22
• FRE #2 2004 Due Tues 09/27
• Work on Outline (May work together and use book)
• Icons of Evolution
• Computer Lab (if needed)
• Complete Pre-tests
• Research FRE
Warm-up 09/23
• Name 4 pieces of evidence that supports Darwin’s
Theory of Natural Selection.
Agenda 09/23
• Finish Chapter 22 Lecture
• Start Chapter 23
• Watch Hardy-Weinberg Clip
• HW:
• Lab Write-up Due Monday
• Read Chapters 23 & 24
• FRE #2 2004 Due Tuesday