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How Optics Plays a Role in Soft Matters? (Colloids and Lipids ) Sin-Doo Lee School of Electrical Engineering Seoul National University, Korea OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 1/22 Outline Introduction: Optics Meets Soft Matter Optical Detection/Manipulation Tools for Soft Matters Soft Matter-Based Optical Applications Nano-Network Assembly of Colloidal Particles Fundamentals of Structural Self-Organization Optical Antenna and Nano-Slit Applications Plasmonic Detection of Biological Activities Periodic Metal Nanostructures (Nanosphere Lithography) Specific Protein-Binding on Lipid Membranes Plasmonic Detection (Localized SPR) Summary OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 2/22 I. Introduction: Optics Meets Soft Matters At Mesoscopic Scale Soft Matters Liquid Crystals Colloids Lipid Membranes (Biomolecules) Micelles, Polymers, etc Optics Optical Tools (Manipulation & Detection) Optical Phenomena (Electro-Optic, Plasmonic) Novel Applications Photonic Crystals, Optoelectronics New Biosensors (Plasmonic) Lithographic & Biomimic Tech (Particle Litho., Structural Colors) Optics provides - a versatile tools of manipulating soft matters and - new phenomena for developing novel devices! OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 3/22 Optical Tools: Manipulation & Detection Optical Tweezer for Colloidal Particles For review, Nature 424, 21 (2003) Strongly focused beam of light to trap individual objects. Manipulation of colloidal particles by trap and de-trap using focused beam of light. OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 4/22 Opto-Electronic Tweezer for Biological Cells: Optical E -> Static E Nature 436, 370 (2005) Focused beam of light to produce non-uniform electric field through digital micromirror display on photosensitive surface for dielectro-phoresis (DEP). Upon DEP, only living cells can be pulled into the pattern’s center. OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 5/22 Optical Phenomena: Plasmonic Effect Plasmonics in Nanostructures (wire, shell, rice, disk, star, etc) Downsizing Beyond Wavelength Metallic Nanostructures (Surface Plasmon) ??? Nano Lett. 10, 3816 (2010) OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 6/22 Detection of Biological Activity Anal. Chem. 81, 2564 (2009) J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 1410 (2011) Extinction of localized SPR depends dielectric environment of surrounding. Peak wavelength shift by protein (CTB, anti-biotin) binding, resulting in the dielectrically modified environment near the metal nano-objects. OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 7/22 New Applications: Photonics, Biomimetics Photonic Crystals of Colloidal Particles Mater. Future 8, 8 (2009) Angew. Chem. 119, 7572 (2007) The photonic band-gap can be tuned the size, shape, and interparticle distance (lattice) and/or external fields (magnetic, tension) in colloidal crystal structures. OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 8/22 Mimicking Colorful Wing Scale Structure 2D colloidal crystal for template Nature Nanotech. (2010, online, May) Fabrication of artificial optical mimic, showing different colors of light reflected from different regions of scales, using colloidal particle template. OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 9/22 Lipid Multilayer Gratings Nature Nanotech. 5, 275 (2010) Lipid multilayer grating using dip-pen nanolithography. Used for label-free and specific detection of lipid–protein interactions in solution. OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 10/22 Particle Lithography Nanosphere Lithography 3D Nanolithography Talbot Effect J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 5599 (2001) Nano Lett. 11, 2533 (2011) Fabrication of metal nanostructures using colloidal particle mask during metal deposition OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 11/22 II. Nano-Network Assemblies of Colloidal Particles Colloidal Networks by Polymorphic Meniscus Convergence Adv. Mater. 22, 4172 (2010) Hydrophobic substrate with air-cavity on hydrophillic support Lines, networks (X or Y) of nanoparticles due to polymorphic meniscus convergence Cell gap determines whether mono-layer or double-layer is energetically favorable Symmetry of colloidal networks depends the flow direction and the cavity shape OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 12/22 Optical Antenna & Nano-Slit Using Nanosphere Assembly Colloidal particle array as a mask for metal deposition Optical antenna: direction-specific activation of metallic half-shell antenna Optical nano-slit: the output through subwavelength slit of dielectric disks depends on the polarization of input white light OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 13/22 -Optical Antenna: a device that converts freely propagating optical radiation into localized energy and vice versa. Nature Photon. 5, 83 (2011) the ability to control and manipulate optical fields at the nanometer scale potential for enhancing the performance and the efficiency of photodetection, light emission, light harvesting, and sensing OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 14/22 - Terahertz Field Enhancement by Metal Nano-Slit: Nature Photon. 3, 152 (2009) Two important length scales: wavelength, the skin depth of metal Metallic nanostructures as sub-skin depth field-enhancing and focusing devices for terahertz operations OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 15/22 III. Optical Detection of Biological Activity Plasmonic Detection by Randomly Distributed Nano-Cubes Nano Lett. 9, 2077 (2009) The peak shift results from the difference in the SPR due to protein- binding - Δλmax(nonspecific, bovine cerium albumin) = 0.03 nm, Δλmax(specific, neutravidin) = 1.26 nm Effect of random distribution and the size of nano-cubes on the number of peaks and the broadening ? OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 16/22 Effect of Metal Dimension & Periodicity ? Effect of Separation, Size, Shape, etc - Theoretical Works for Sphere, Truncated Tetrahedron J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 2394 (1999) Opt. Comm. 220, 137 (2003) Longer (or shorter) wavelength and broadening for p (or s)-wave at smaller separation OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 17/22 SLM on Ordered Nanostructures of Metal 1. Self-organized assembly of colloidal crystals from a solution on a quartz substrate by convective process 2. Deposition of metal and removal of colloidal particles by sonication 3. SLM formation on the substrate with periodic, metal nanostructures by vesicle adsorption & rupture 4. Protein binding detected by the localized SPR Nanosphere lithography using PS particles of 300 nm and 500 nm in diameter - lateral size of the metal patterns: 70 nm, 116 nm Periodic and well-defined separation of metal nanostructures To be published (2011) OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 18/22 Fluidity of SLM by FRAP 100 um DOPC lipids doped with - biotin-DPPE for binding with streptavidin or streptavidin conjugated with Alex Fluor - Tex Red-DHPE for imaging Small unilamellar vesicles by extrusion SLM formation by vesicle adsorption/rupture FRAP (fully recovered after 20 min): confirmation of the fluidity of SLB Specific protein-binding events occurs uniformly OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 19/22 Plasmonic Detection of Specific Protein-Binding - Metallic Nano-Patterns (70 nm) by Particles of 300 nm Peak positions in spectrum (not normalized) - Water : 677nm - Membrane : 687nm - Avidin binding : 689nm Peak in the extinction spectrum of the localized SPR signal - Increase of the dielectric constant of the surrounding of metallic nano-patterns (water, membrane, and specific protein binding) - λmax (water) = 677 nm, Δλmax(membrane) = 10 nm, Δλmax(avidin) = 2 nm Larger peak shift than randomly distributed metal nanostructures - Possibility of higher sensitivity? OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 20/22 - Metallic Nano-Patterns (116 nm) by Particles of 500 nm Peak positions in spectrum (not normalized) - Water : 723nm - Membrane : 734nm - Avidin binding : 736nm Peak in the extinction spectrum of the localized SPR signal - λmax (water) = 723 nm, Δλmax(membrane) = 11 nm, Δλmax(avidin) = 2 nm λmax (water) becomes longer with increasing the size of metal nanostructures and the separation between them but the magnitude of the peak shift due to specific binding remains same ! OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 21/22 IV. Summary What Expected When Optics Meets Soft Matters? Soft Matters for Optics: Discover new optical phenomena from the complexity and the flexibility of soft matters (at mesoscopic scale) Open a door to a wide range of applications in photonics, opto-electronics, nano-bio sensors, etc. Optics for Soft Matters: Provide methodology for optical detection/manipulation of soft matters Enable to develop bottom-up technology for integrating basic building units Establish a new paradigm of probing biological activities OLC 2011 Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab. 22/22