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How Optics Plays a Role in Soft Matters?
(Colloids and Lipids )
Sin-Doo Lee
School of Electrical Engineering
Seoul National University, Korea
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
1/22
Outline
 Introduction: Optics Meets Soft Matter
 Optical Detection/Manipulation Tools for Soft Matters
 Soft Matter-Based Optical Applications
 Nano-Network Assembly of Colloidal Particles
 Fundamentals of Structural Self-Organization
 Optical Antenna and Nano-Slit Applications
 Plasmonic Detection of Biological Activities
 Periodic Metal Nanostructures (Nanosphere Lithography)
 Specific Protein-Binding on Lipid Membranes
 Plasmonic Detection (Localized SPR)
 Summary
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
2/22
I. Introduction: Optics Meets Soft Matters
At Mesoscopic Scale
Soft Matters
Liquid Crystals
Colloids
Lipid Membranes
(Biomolecules)
Micelles, Polymers, etc
Optics
Optical Tools
(Manipulation & Detection)
Optical Phenomena
(Electro-Optic, Plasmonic)
Novel Applications
Photonic Crystals, Optoelectronics
New Biosensors (Plasmonic)
Lithographic & Biomimic Tech
(Particle Litho., Structural Colors)
 Optics provides - a versatile tools of manipulating soft matters and
- new phenomena for developing novel devices!
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
3/22
Optical Tools: Manipulation & Detection
 Optical Tweezer for Colloidal Particles
For review, Nature 424, 21 (2003)
 Strongly focused beam of light to trap individual objects.
 Manipulation of colloidal particles by trap and de-trap using focused beam of light.
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
4/22
 Opto-Electronic Tweezer for Biological Cells: Optical E -> Static E
Nature 436, 370 (2005)
 Focused beam of light to produce non-uniform electric field through digital
micromirror display on photosensitive surface for dielectro-phoresis (DEP).
 Upon DEP, only living cells can be pulled into the pattern’s center.
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
5/22
Optical Phenomena: Plasmonic Effect
 Plasmonics in Nanostructures (wire, shell, rice, disk, star, etc)
Downsizing
Beyond Wavelength
Metallic
Nanostructures
(Surface Plasmon)
???
Nano Lett. 10, 3816 (2010)
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
6/22
 Detection of Biological Activity
Anal. Chem. 81, 2564 (2009)
J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 1410 (2011)
 Extinction of localized SPR depends dielectric environment of surrounding.
 Peak wavelength shift by protein (CTB, anti-biotin) binding, resulting in
the dielectrically modified environment near the metal nano-objects.
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
7/22
New Applications: Photonics, Biomimetics
 Photonic Crystals of Colloidal Particles
Mater. Future 8, 8 (2009)
Angew. Chem. 119, 7572 (2007)
 The photonic band-gap can be tuned the size, shape, and interparticle distance
(lattice) and/or external fields (magnetic, tension) in colloidal crystal structures.
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
8/22
 Mimicking Colorful Wing Scale Structure
2D colloidal crystal
for template
Nature Nanotech. (2010, online, May)
 Fabrication of artificial optical mimic, showing different colors of light reflected
from different regions of scales, using colloidal particle template.
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
9/22
 Lipid Multilayer Gratings
Nature Nanotech. 5, 275 (2010)
 Lipid multilayer grating using dip-pen nanolithography.
 Used for label-free and specific detection of lipid–protein interactions in solution.
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
10/22
 Particle Lithography
Nanosphere Lithography
3D Nanolithography
Talbot Effect
J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 5599 (2001)
Nano Lett. 11, 2533 (2011)
 Fabrication of metal nanostructures
using colloidal particle mask during
metal deposition
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
11/22
II. Nano-Network Assemblies of Colloidal Particles
 Colloidal Networks by Polymorphic Meniscus Convergence
Adv. Mater. 22, 4172 (2010)
 Hydrophobic substrate with air-cavity on hydrophillic support
 Lines, networks (X or Y) of nanoparticles due to polymorphic meniscus convergence
 Cell gap determines whether mono-layer or double-layer is energetically favorable
 Symmetry of colloidal networks depends the flow direction and the cavity shape
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
12/22
 Optical Antenna & Nano-Slit Using Nanosphere Assembly
 Colloidal particle array as a mask for
metal deposition
 Optical antenna: direction-specific activation of metallic half-shell antenna
 Optical nano-slit: the output through subwavelength slit of dielectric disks
depends on the polarization of input white light
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
13/22
-Optical Antenna: a device that converts freely propagating optical radiation
into localized energy and vice versa.
Nature Photon. 5, 83 (2011)
 the ability to control and manipulate optical fields at the nanometer scale
 potential for enhancing the performance and the efficiency of photodetection, light
emission, light harvesting, and sensing
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
14/22
- Terahertz Field Enhancement by Metal Nano-Slit:
Nature Photon. 3, 152
(2009)
 Two important length scales: wavelength, the skin depth of metal
 Metallic nanostructures as sub-skin depth field-enhancing and focusing devices for
terahertz operations
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
15/22
III. Optical Detection of Biological Activity
 Plasmonic Detection by Randomly Distributed Nano-Cubes
Nano Lett. 9, 2077 (2009)
 The peak shift results from the difference in the SPR due to protein- binding
- Δλmax(nonspecific, bovine cerium albumin) = 0.03 nm, Δλmax(specific, neutravidin) = 1.26 nm
 Effect of random distribution and the size of nano-cubes on the number of peaks
and the broadening ?
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
16/22
Effect of Metal Dimension & Periodicity ?
 Effect of Separation, Size, Shape, etc
- Theoretical Works for Sphere, Truncated Tetrahedron
J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 2394 (1999)
Opt. Comm. 220, 137 (2003)
 Longer (or shorter) wavelength and broadening for p (or s)-wave at smaller separation
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
17/22
 SLM on Ordered Nanostructures of Metal
1. Self-organized assembly of colloidal crystals from a
solution on a quartz substrate by convective process
2. Deposition of metal and removal of colloidal particles
by sonication
3. SLM formation on the substrate with periodic,
metal nanostructures by vesicle adsorption & rupture
4. Protein binding detected by the localized SPR
 Nanosphere lithography using PS particles of 300 nm
and 500 nm in diameter
- lateral size of the metal patterns: 70 nm, 116 nm
 Periodic and well-defined separation of metal
nanostructures
To be published (2011)
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
18/22
 Fluidity of SLM by FRAP
100 um
 DOPC lipids doped with
- biotin-DPPE for binding with streptavidin or streptavidin conjugated with Alex Fluor
- Tex Red-DHPE for imaging
 Small unilamellar vesicles by extrusion
 SLM formation by vesicle adsorption/rupture
 FRAP (fully recovered after 20 min): confirmation of the fluidity of SLB
 Specific protein-binding events occurs uniformly
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
19/22
 Plasmonic Detection of Specific Protein-Binding
- Metallic Nano-Patterns (70 nm) by Particles of 300 nm
Peak positions in spectrum
(not normalized)
- Water
: 677nm
- Membrane
: 687nm
- Avidin binding : 689nm
 Peak in the extinction spectrum of the localized SPR signal
- Increase of the dielectric constant of the surrounding of metallic nano-patterns
(water, membrane, and specific protein binding)
- λmax (water) = 677 nm, Δλmax(membrane) = 10 nm, Δλmax(avidin) = 2 nm
 Larger peak shift than randomly distributed metal nanostructures
- Possibility of higher sensitivity?
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
20/22
- Metallic Nano-Patterns (116 nm) by Particles of 500 nm
Peak positions in spectrum
(not normalized)
- Water
: 723nm
- Membrane
: 734nm
- Avidin binding : 736nm
 Peak in the extinction spectrum of the localized SPR signal
- λmax (water) = 723 nm, Δλmax(membrane) = 11 nm, Δλmax(avidin) = 2 nm
 λmax (water) becomes longer with increasing the size of metal nanostructures
and the separation between them
but the magnitude of the peak shift due to specific binding remains same !
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
21/22
IV. Summary
 What Expected When Optics Meets Soft Matters?
 Soft Matters for Optics:
 Discover new optical phenomena from the complexity and
the flexibility of soft matters (at mesoscopic scale)
 Open a door to a wide range of applications in photonics,
opto-electronics, nano-bio sensors, etc.
 Optics for Soft Matters:

Provide methodology for optical detection/manipulation
of soft matters
 Enable to develop bottom-up technology for integrating basic
building units
 Establish a new paradigm of probing biological activities
OLC 2011
Mol Integrated Phys & Dev Lab.
22/22