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A Brief Timeline of Music Formats Audio Formats / Audio Storage Michael S. McDaniel Analog vs. Digital Analog is a continuous wave signal that varies in frequency and/or amplitude. Sound is naturally in this form. f ( x) sin x Analog vs. Digital Digital is a signal that is composed of pulses of zeroes and ones. Which is Which? Analog Digital Reel-to-Reel Vinyl Record (LP) 8-Track Cassette CD MP3 WMA FLAC DVD Audio (1946 - ?) Reel-to-Reel •Works like a cassette (magnetic tape is transferred from one reel to the other) •Developed by Mullin, an audio engineer who was in WW2 •Used extensively in music recording •Not portable (1948 – ?) Vinyl Record •The primary technology used for personal music reproduction for most of the 20th century •A flat disk with a groove, played on a turntable by a needle •Came in different sizes (speeds) – 45’s, 78’s, 33 1/3 •Not portable •Still being produced today (1963 – ?) Cassette •A contained reel-to-reel format •Magnetic tape that goes across a head that reads the signal •Popular due to its size and portability •Still being produced today (1964–1980) 8-Track Tape •“Endless” reel-to-reel cassette •Magnetic tape that goes across a head that reads the signal •Popular from the mid-60’s to the early 80’s (1982 - ?) Compact Disc •Digital format! •It is “optical media” : A laser burns dots into a plastic disk. •Those dots are either open or closed (1’s or 0’s) •Most popular format used today. •Very portable and inexpensive. Optical Disk Capacities vs. MP3 Players 30000 25000 20000 15000 MB 10000 5000 0 CD DVD iPod MP3 Players Mp3 Players like the iPod have taken over. They are much more easily accessible Available online through providers like iTunes from Apple THE PROBLEM The RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) has been making public the problem of copyright infringement prevalent among mp3 users. Any Questions?