Download Rocks & Weathering Notes: Chapter 8 _______________ that contribute to weathering

Rocks & Weathering Notes: Chapter 8
Weathering & Erosion
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Weathering is the process that _______________ down rock and other substances at Earth’s
_______________
_______________ that contribute to weathering
o _______________
o Cold
o _______________
o Ice
o O2 & CO2 in the _______________
_______________ of weathering
o _______________
o _______________ paint
o _______________ sidewalks
o _______________
Erosion is the _______________ of rock particles by water, wind & ice or gravity
Weathering _______________ rocks into smaller pieces and erosion _______________ those
pieces away
Two types of Weathering
o _______________ Weathering
o _______________ Weathering
Mechanical Weathering
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Mechanical Weathering is caused by _______________ breaking rocks into smaller pieces
Causes of mechanical weathering
o _______________
 Ice Wedging: process where wedges of ice in rocks _______________ and deepen
cracks
o _______________
o Release of _______________
o _______________ growth
o _______________
o Abrasion: _______________ away of rock by rock particles carried by erosion
Chemical Weathering
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Chemical Weathering is the process that breaks down rock through _______________ changes
Causes and effects of chemical weathering
o Action of _______________ = dissolves _______________
o O2 (_______________ Gas)
= oxidation (_______________ )
o CO2
= _______________ in rain water and forms carbonic acid
o _______________ organisms = plants _______________ and produce a weak acid
o _______________ Rain
= compounds from burning _______________ fuel to mix
chemically with rain to form acid
Weathering
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Mechanical weathering _______________ rock and makes more surface _______________ for
chemical weathering to take place
_______________ of weathering affected 2 ways
o Rock _______________
 More permeable allow _______________ water to seep inside
o _______________
 Mechanical weathering occurs _______________ in wet climates
 Chemical weathering occurs faster in _______________ temps
 Weathering occurs more _______________ in a warm rainy climate
Soil
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Soil is the loose _______________ material on the earth’s surface
Main ingredient: _______________
o Bedrock: _______________ layer of rock beneath soil
Composition of soil
o _______________ particles
o _______________
o Humus: dark colored substance that is _______________ and animal matter decay
o _______________
o _______________
Fertility of Soil: measure of how well the soil _______________ plant growth
Texture of Soil
o Depends on size of _______________ soil particles
 _______________ : Gravel
 _______________
 Silt
 _______________
o Texture is important for plant _______________
 Clay holds too much _______________
 _______________ drown
 Sandy soil _______________ quickly
 Plants die from too little _______________
 Loam: best type of soil for _______________ plants
 Soil that is made of _______________ parts of sand and clay
Soil formation
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Soil forms as rock is _______________ down by weathering and is _______________ with other
materials on the surface.
Soil Horizon: a layer of soil that differs in _______________ and _______________ from the
layers above and below it.
o Horizon A: Topsoil which is a _______________ dark brown soil mixture of _______________
, clay, other minerals
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o Horizon B: clay and other particles _______________ down from horizon A
 Also called _______________
o Horizon C
 Only _______________ rock
Factors that affect soil formation
o _______________
 Soil formation _______________ forms in a warm rainy climate
o _______________ of rock
 Limestone forms _______________ more quickly
Soil Classification
o _______________
 Thick soil: Moderate _______________
o Plants
 Grassland soil is different from _______________ soil
o Soil Composition
 _______________
 _______________
 _______________
Living Organisms in Soil
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Make _______________ (formed from decomposition)
o Litter: a loose layer of _______________ plant leaves and stems on the surface of the
soil.
o Decomposer: organisms that break down the _______________ of organic material
 _______________
 Worms
 _______________
 Small _______________
_______________ soil
o Makes _______________ for air and water
Soil Conservation
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Soil Conservation: The management of soil to _______________ its destruction
Type of Soil Conservation
o Contour _______________
o Conservation plowing
o Crop _______________