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Warm-Up Wednesday, September 19 Explain how a metamorphic rock changes into a sedimentary rock? Weathering (wind, water, and temperature changes) cause rock particles to break off and erode away. Particles are deposited in a different location. Minerals cement them together and pressure compacts them into a sedimentary rock. Igneous Rocks form from the cooling of molten rock (lava and magma). Igneous rock Intrusive rock Extrusive Rock • Magma • Lava • Inside Earth • Earth’s Surface • Cools slowly • Large Crystals • Cools fast • Small Crystals • Coarse-grained • Fine Grained • Ex: Granite • Ex: Basalt Are lava and magma the same? • LAVA is molten material found on the surface of the earth. • MAGMA is molten material found inside the earth. Classified by Formation and Texture Formation: 1. Extrusive Rock is formed from lava erupted onto Earth’s surface. Exits the Earth (Basalt) 2. Intrusive Rock is formed when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface. Inside the Earth (Granite) PORPHYRITIC • Rocks with two or more different sized crystals are said to be PORPHYRITIC. • The rocks cooled at two different rates • Sometimes these rock are simply called PORPHYRY What type of rock is Stone Mountain made from? Granite 2nd Largest batholith in the world. Texture: Fast Cooling Lava (Extrusive) • Fine-Grained • Small Crystals • Gas Bubbles dissolved quickly Pumice Obsidian Slow Cooling Magma (Intrusive) • Coarse-Grained • Large crystals Granite How do you use igneous rocks? Tools Buildings Streets Bridges Gravel Cleaning Polishing Gardening An intrusive igneous rock would have what type of texture? Why? Coarse-Grained, large crystals. It is hotter in the earth than on the outside of the earth so it takes longer for magma to cool down. An extrusive igneous rock would have what type of texture? Why? Fine-Grained or glassy texture It is cooler on the surface of the Earth so the rocks can cool faster. Sedimentary • Sediments: Tiny pieces of ROCK • Formed by: – Erosion or weathering – Deposition – Cementation – Compaction – Compaction Sedimentary • Sediments: Tiny pieces of ROCK • Formed by: – Erosion or weathering Sedimentary • Sediments: Tiny pieces of ROCK • Formed by: Deposition Sedimentary • Sediments: Tiny pieces of ROCK • Formed by: – Compaction Sedimentary • Sediments: Tiny pieces of ROCK • Formed by: Cementation TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY We can classify sedimentary rocks by the way in which they form and their composition. Let’s look closer… CLASTIC These rocks are made of pieces of other rocks. Breccia (angled fragments) Conglomerate (round fragments) Sandstone (Layers) ORGANIC • These rocks are made of pieces of material that was once alive. MAY contain fossils… Coal Limestone CHEMICAL • These rocks form when solutions containing minerals evaporate. Halite ,Gypsum Sedimentary • Form underwater when sediments are cemented together. They have layers (strata). - Clastic—pieces of rock are cemented together by minerals – Chemical—minerals crystallize out of seawater – Organic—from the remains of once living plants and animals Sedimentary Rocks Breccia (clastic) Sandstone (clastic) Limestone (organic) Coal (organic)